文學翻譯十講

　　片斷：Inmyopinion，bothschoolshavetheirstrongpointsandweakpointssofarasliterarytranslationisconcerned.Nowthereisaten-dencytocombinetheirtheoriesintoacomprehensiveone.Asamatteroffact，literarytranslationhasadoublenature.That'stosay，ontheonehand，itisasciencewithitsownlawsandmethodsandontheother，itisanart.Nowlet'shaveafurtherdiscussionofitsdoublenatureinthefollowing：TranslationIsaScienceWesaythattranslationisascience，becauseithasitsownlawsandmethods.TakethetranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseforexample.Ifwewanttotranslatewell，wemustbeentirelyfamiliarwiththecontentoftheoriginalandalltheknowledgeitconcerns.Inaddition，weshouldhaveacomparativelycomprehensiveandthoroughstudyofEnglishandChinesesothatwemaydoourworkwithhighproficiency.ChineseandEnglishhavetheirrespectivecharacteristics.True，theyhavesimilarities，forexample，thewordorderofthesubjectanditspredicate，ofthetransitiveverbanditsobjectandoftheprepositionandtheobjectitgoverns;andatthesametime，theyhaveremarkabledifferences;forinstance，theformerhasnoarticlesbutthelatterhasthedefinite"the"andtheindefinite"a"and"an".Althoughthetwolanguageshavetheirrespectivecharacteristicswhicharenotquitealike，stillwecandothetranslationbetweenthem.Itisbecauselan-guageisthedirectrealityofthoughtandthebasiclawofreality：thought：languagewhichreflectstheobjectiveexistenceisincom-montobothEnglishandChinese，thusmakingitpossibletoexpressthesameideasandfeelingsindifferenttanguages.Andquantitiesoftranslatedworkshavelongprovedthepossibilityoftranslation.Andatthesametime，wemustadmitthatthelanguagesinwhichvariouspeoplesthinkandexpresstheirthoughtsarequitedifferentincharacteristicsandusage.Thisistheproblemthattroublesthetransla-tors，includingtheveteranones.Nosmattererscansolvesuchadiffi-cultproblem.Ifonewantstobeaqualifiedtranslator，oneshould，irstofall，haveapenetratingstudyandcarefulcomparisonofthesimilari-tiesanddifferencesbetweenthesetwolanguagessothatonemayfindthecorrespondinglawsandmethodsinthetranslationbetweenthem，dotranslationeffectivelyandensurethequalityoftranslation.Correspondinglawsdocxistintranslation.Takethefollowingsentenceasanexample：Thehorseisausefulanimal.后記：讀《文學翻譯十講》竟，賦六絕句洪荒造塔語言殊，從此人間要象胥。達志通情非末技，壯夫何用笑區(qū)區(qū)。越裳獻雉三重譯，越女抒懷易楚詞；姬旦、鄂君俱未泯，舌人名姓有誰知！白馬馱經事本虛，世高首譯費工夫。千年佛典如煙海，不復旁行貝葉書。理論原從實踐來，道安究隱亦奇才。寸心得失明如鏡，《辨正》偏求八備材。譯事三難憶又陵，行文爾雅實難憑。先生獨出驚人論，改“切”功存一字稱。入深出淺善經營，字吐璣珠照眼明。《十講》殺青知有日，行看紙貴洛陽城。馬祖毅1990年于求得一齋

　　《文學翻譯十講》作者簡介劉重德1914年生于河南，1934－1938年在北京大學、西南聯大外語系讀書。歷任中央大學講師，河南大學、國立師范學院、湖南大學副教授，現任湖南大學教授。兼任中國翻譯工作者協(xié)會副會長、湖南省翻譯工作者協(xié)會會長、省社會科學聯合會名譽委員、省文史館研究員、中國英漢語比較研究會籌委主任及民革中央團結委員等職。專著有《英語AS用法研究》（1979）、《翻譯漫談》（1984）、《文學翻譯十講》（1991）；文集有《渾金璞玉集》（1994）；譯著有《愛瑪》（1949，1982，1993）、《黑奴吁天錄》（1981）、《癮君子自白》（1988）等五部；校注有《漢英四書》（1992，合校）；譯詩有《漢英對照千家詩》（1992，主要譯者之一）；主編《三湘譯論》（1994）、《英漢翻譯例句詞典》（1995）。