數(shù)字系統(tǒng)測試和可測性設(shè)計（影印版）

PREFACE
HowThisBookWasWritten
1.INTRODUCTION

2.MODELING
2.1BasicConcepts
2.2FunctionalModelingattheLogicLevel
2.2.1TruthTablesandPrimitiveCubes
2.2.2StateTablesandFlowTables
2.2.3BinaryDecisionDiagrams
2.2.4ProgramsasFunctionalModels
2.3FunctionalModelingattheRegisterLevel
2.3.1BasicRTLConstructs
2.3.2TimingModelinginRTLs
2.3.3InternalRTLModels
2.4StructuralModels
2.4.1ExternalRepresentation
2.4.2StructuralProperties
2.4.3InternalRepresentation
2.4.4WiredLogicandBidirectionality
2.5LevelofModeling
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PROBLEMS

3.LOGICSIMULATiON
3.1Applications
3.2ProblemsinSimulation-BasedDesignVerification
3.3TypesofSimulation
3.4TheUnknownLogicValue
3.5CompiledSimulation
3.6Event-DrivenSimulation
3.7DelayModels
3.7.1DelayModelingforGates
3.7.2DelayModelingforFunctionalElements
3.7.3DelayModelinginRTLs
3.7.4OtherAspectsofDelayModeling
3.8ElementEvaluation
3.9HazardDetection
3.10Gate-LevelEvent-DrivenSimulation
3.10.1Transition-IndependentNominalTransportDelays
3.10.2OtherLogicValues
3.10.2.1TristateLogic
3.10.2.2MOSLogic
3.10.3OtherDelayModels
3.10.3.1RiseandFallDelays
3.10.3.2InertialDelays
3.10.3.3AmbiguousDelays
3.10.4OscillationControl
3.11SimulationEngines
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PROBLEMS

4.FAULTMODELING
4.1LogicalFaultModels
4.2FaultDetectionandRedundancy
4.2.1CombinationalCircuits
4.2.2SequentialCircuits
4.3FaultEquivalenceandFaultLocation
4.3.1CombinationalCircuits
4.3.2SequentialCircuits
4.4FaultDominance
4.4.1CombinationalCircuits
4.4.2SequentialCircuits
4.5TheSingleStuck-FaultModel
4.6TheMultipleStuck-FaultModel
4.7StuckRTLVariables
4.8FaultVariables
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PROBLEMS

5.FAULTSIMULATION
5.1Applications
5.2GeneralFaultSimulationTechniques
5.2.1SerialFaultSimulation
5.2.2CommonConceptsandTerminology
5.2.3ParallelFaultSimulation
5.2.4DeductiveFaultSimulation
5.2.4.1Two-ValuedDeductiveSimulation
5.2.4.2Three-ValuedDeductiveSimulation
5.2.5ConcurrentFaultSimulation
5.2.6Comparison
5.3FaultSimulationforCombinationalCircuits
5.3.1Parallel-PatternSingle-FaultPropagation
5.3.2CriticalPathTracing
5.4FaultSampling
5.5StatisticalFaultAnalysis
5.6ConcludingRemarks
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PROBLEMS

6.TESTINGFORSINGLESTUCKFAULTS
6.1BasicIssues
6.2ATGforSSFsinCombinationalCircuits
6.2.1Fault-OrientedATG
6.2.1.1CommonConcepts
6.2.1.2Algorithms
6.2.1.3SelectionCriteria
6.2.2Fault-IndependentATG
6.2.3RandomTestGeneration
6.2.3.1TheQualityofaRandomTest
6.2.3.2TheLengthofaRandomTest
6.2.3.3DeterminingDetectionProbabilities
6.2.3.4RTGwithNonuniformDistributions
6.2.4CombinedDeterministic/RandomTG
6.2.5ATGSystems
6.2.6OtherTGMethods
6.3ATGforSSFsinSequentialCircuits
6.3.1TGUsingIterativeArrayModels
6.3.2Simulation-BasedTG
6.3.3TGUsingRTLModels
6.3.3.1ExtensionsoftheD-Algorithm
6.3.3.2HeuristicState-SpaceSearch
6.3.4RandomTestGeneration
6.4ConcludingRemarks
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PROBLEMS

7.TESTINGFORBRIDGINGFAULTS
7.1TheBridging-FaultModel
7.2DetectionofNonfeedbackBridgingFaults
7.3DetectionofFeedbackBridgingFaults
7.4BridgingFaultsSimulation
7.5TestGenerationforBridgingFaults
7.6ConcludingRemarks
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PROBLEMS

8.FUNCTIONALTESTING
8.1BasicIssues
8.2FunctionalTestingWithoutFaultModels
8.2.1HeuristicMethods
8.2.2FunctionalTestingwithBinaryDecisionDiagrams
8.3ExhaustiveandPseudoexhaustiveTesting
8.3.1CombinationalCircuits
8.3.1.1Partial-DependenceCircuits
8.3.1.2PartitioningTechniques
8.3.2SequentialCircuits
8.3.3IterativeLogicArrays
8.4FunctionalTestingwithSpecificFaultModels
8.4.1FunctionalFaultModels
8.4.2FaultModelsforMicroprocessors
8.4.2.1FaultModelfortheRegister-DecodingFunction
8.4.2.2FaultModelfortheInstruction-DecodingandInstruction-SequencingFunction
8.4.2.3FaultModelfortheData-StorageFunction
8.4.2.4FaultModelfortheData-TransferFunction
8.4.2.5FaultModelfortheData-ManipulationFunction
8.4.3TestGenerationProcedures
8.4.3.1TestingtheRegister-DecodingFunction
8.4.3.2TestingtheInstruction-DecodingandInstruction-SequencingFunction
8.4.3.3TestingtheData-StorageandData-TransferFunctions
8.4.4ACaseStudy
8.5ConcludingRemarks
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PROBLEMS

9.DESIGNFORTESTABILITY
9.1Testability
9.1.1Trade-Offs
9.1.2ControllabilityandObservability
9.2AdHocDesignforTestabilityTechniques
9.2.1TestPoints
9.2.2Initialization
9.2.3MonostableMultivibrators
9.2.4OscillatorsandClocks
9.2.5PartitioningCountersandShiftRegisters
9.2.6PartitioningofLargeCombinationalCircuits
9.2.7LogicalRedundancy
9.2.8GlobalFeedbackPaths
9.3ControllabilityandObservabilitybyMeansofScanRegisters
9.3.1GenericBoundaryScan
9.4GenericScan-BasedDesigns
9.4.1FullSerialIntegratedScan
9.4.2IsolatedSerialScan
9.4.3NonserialScan
9.5StorageCellsforScanDesigns
9.6ClassicalScanDesigns
9.7ScanDesignCosts
9.8Board-LevelandSystem-LevelDFTApproaches
9.8.1System-LevelBusses
9.8.2System-LevelScanPaths
9.9SomeAdvancedScanConcepts
9.9.1MultipleTestSession
9.9.2PartialScanUsingI-Paths
9.9.3BALLAST--AStructuredPartialScanDesign
9.10BoundaryScanStandards
9.10.1Background
9.10.2BoundaryScanCell
9.10.3BoardandChipTestModes
9.10.4TheTestBus
9.10.5TestBusCircuitry
9.10.5.1TheTAPController
9.10.5.2Registers
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PROBLEMS

10.COMPRESSIONTECHNIQUES
10.1GeneralAspectsofCompressionTechniques
10.2Ones-CountCompression
10.3Transition-CountCompression
10.4Parity-CheckCompression
10.5SyndromeTesting
10.6SignatureAnalysis
10.6.1TheoryandOperationofLinearFeedbackShiftRegisters
10.6.2LFSRsUsedasSignatureAnalyzers
10.6.3Multiple-InputSignatureRegisters
10.7ConcludingRemarks
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PROBLEMS

11.BUILT-INSELF-TEST
11.1IntroductiontoBISTConcepts
11.1.1Hardcore
11.1.2LevelsofTest
11.2Test-PatternGenerationforBIST
11.2.1ExhaustiveTesting
11.2.2PseudorandomTesting
11.2.3PseudoexhaustiveTesting
11.2.3.1LogicalSegmentation
11.2.3.2Constant-WeightPatterns
11.2.3.3IdentificationofTestSignalInputs
11.2.3.4TestPatternGeneratorsforPseudoexhaustiveTests
11.2.3.5PhysicalSegmentation
11.3GenericOff-LineBISTArchitectures
11.4SpecificBISTArchitectures
11.4.1ACentralizedandSeparateBoard-LevelBISTArchitecture(CSBL)
11.4.2Built-InEvaluationandSelf-Test(BEST)
11.4.3Random-TestSocket(RTS)
11.4.4LSSDOn-ChipSelf-Test(LOCST)
11.4.5Self-TestingUsingMISRandParallelSRSG(STUMPS)
11.4.6AConcurrentBISTArchitecture(CBIST)
11.4.7ACentralizedandEmbeddedBISTArchitecturewithBoundaryScan(CEBS)
11.4.8RandomTestData(RTD)
11.4.9SimultaneousSelf-Test(SST)
11.4.10CyclicAnalysisTestingSystem(CATS)
11.4.11CircularSelf-TestPath(CSTP)
11.4.12Built-InLogic-BlockObservation(BILBO)
11.4.12.1CaseStudy
11.4.13Summary
11.5SomeAdvancedBISTConcepts
11.5.1TestSchedules
11.5.2ControlofBILBORegisters
11.5.3Partial-IntrusionBIST
11.6DesignforSelf-TestatBoardLevel
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PROBLEMS

12.LOGIC-LEVELDIAGNOSIS
12.1BasicConcepts
12.2FaultDictionary
12.3Guided-ProbeTesting
12.4DiagnosisbyUUTReduction
12.5FaultDiagnosisforCombinationalCircuits
12.6ExpertSystemsforDiagnosis
12.7Effect-CauseAnalysis
12.8DiagnosticReasoningBasedonStructureandBehavior
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PROBLEMS

13.SELF-CHECKINGDESIGN
13.1BasicConcepts
13.2ApplicationofError-DetectingandError-CorrectingCodes
13.3Multiple-BitErrors
13.4CheckingCircuitsandSelf-Checking
13.5Self-CheckingCheckers
13.6Parity-CheckFunction
13.7TotallySelf-Checkingm/nCodeCheckers
13.8TotallySelf-CheckingEqualityCheckers
13.9Self-CheckingBergerCodeCheckers
13.10TowardaGeneralTheoryofSelf-CheckingCombinationalCircuits
13.11Self-CheckingSequentialCircuits
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PROBLEMS

14.PLATESTING
14.1Introduction
14.2PLATestingProblems
14.2.1FaultModels
14.2.2ProblemswithTraditionalTestGenerationMethods
14.3TestGenerationAlgorithmsforPLAs
14.3.1DeterministicTestGeneration
14.3.2SemirandomTestGeneration
14.4TestablePLADesigns
14.4.1ConcurrentTestablePLAswithSpecialCoding
14.4.1.1PLAwithConcurrentErrorDetectionbyaSeriesofCheckers
14.4.1.2ConcurrentTestablePLAsUsingModifiedBergerCode
14.4.2ParityTestablePLAs
14.4.2.1PLAwithUniversalTestSet
14.4.2.2AutonomouslyTestablePLAs
14.4.2.3ABuilt-InSelf-TestablePLADesignwithCumulativeParityComparison
14.4.3Signature-TestablePLAs
14.4.3.1PLAwithMultipleSignatureAnalyzers
14.4.3.2Self-TestablePLAswithSingleSignatureAnalyzer
14.4.4PartioningandTestingofPLAs
14.4.4.1PLAwithBILBOs
14.4.4.2Parallel-TestablePLAs
14.4.4.3Divide-and-ConquerStrategyforTestablePLADesign
14.4.5Fully-TestablePLADesigns
14.5EvaluationofPLATestMethodologies
14.5.1MeasuresofTDMs
14.5.1.1ResultingEffectontheOriginalDesign
14.5.1.2RequirementsonTestEnvironment
14.5.2EvaluationofPLATestTechniques
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PROBLEMS

15.SYSTEM-LEVELDIAGNOSIS
15.1ASimpleModelofSystem-LevelDiagnosis
15.2GeneralizationsofthePMCModel
15.2.1GeneralizationsoftheSystemDiagnosticGraph
15.2.2GeneralizationofPossibleTestOutcomes
15.2.3GeneralizationofDiagnosabilityMeasures
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INDEX