PREFACE xiii 前 言
1 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR 1 生物學(xué)與人類行為
ONE BRAIN OR TWO? 1 一個腦還是兩個腦？
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1967). The split brain in man. Scientific American, 217(2),24–29.
MORE EXPERIENCE = BIGGER BRAIN? 11 豐富的經(jīng)歷=更大的大腦？
Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., & Diamond, M. C. (1972). Brain changes in
response to experience. Scientific American, 226(2), 22–29.
ARE YOU A “NATURAL”? 18 人的本性是“天生的”嗎？
Bouchard, T., Lykken, D., McGue, M., Segal, N., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological differences: The Minnesota study of twins reared apart.
Science, 250, 223–229.
WATCH OUT FOR THE VISUAL CLIFF! 26 小心視崖！
Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960). The “visual cliff.” Scientific American, 202(4),
67–71.
2 PERCEPTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS 34 知覺和意識
WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU’VE LEARNED 35 所見即所學(xué)
Turnbull, C. M. (1961). Some observations regarding the experiences and behavior of the BaMbuti Pygmies. American Journal of Psychology, 74, 304–308.
TO SLEEP, NO DOUBT TO DREAM . . . 41 睡眠，毫無疑問會做夢⋯⋯
Aserinsky, E., & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science, 118, 273–274.
Dement, W. (1960). The effect of dream deprivation. Science, 131, 1705–1707.
UNROMANCING THE DREAM . . . 48 夢，并不浪漫⋯⋯
Hobson, J. A., & McCarley, R. W. (1977). The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal of Psychiatry,134, 1335–1348.
ACTING AS IF YOU ARE HYPNOTIZED 55 行動，如同被催眠了一樣
Spanos, N. P. (1982). Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social, psychological perspective.
Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavior, 7,199–213.
3 LEARNING AND CONDITIONING 64 學(xué)習(xí)和條件反射
IT’S NOT JUST ABOUT SALIVATING DOGS! 64 不只限于分泌唾液的狗
Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
LITTLE EMOTIONAL ALBERT 71 情緒化的小阿爾伯特
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1–14.
KNOCK WOOD! 77 敲敲木頭
Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology,38, 168–172.
SEE AGGRESSION . . . DO AGGRESSION! 84 觀察到攻擊行為⋯⋯做出攻擊行為
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63,575–582.
4 INTELLIGENCE, COGNITION,AND MEMORY 93 智力、認(rèn)知和記憶
WHAT YOU EXPECT IS WHAT YOU GET 93 所想即所得
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1966). Teachers’ expectancies: Determinates of pupils’ IQ gains. Psychological Reports, 19, 115–118.
JUST HOWARE YOU INTELLIGENT? 100 你在哪方面更聰明？
Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
MAPS IN YOUR MIND 109 心中的地圖
Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55,189–208.
THANKS FOR THE MEMORIES! 116 感謝記憶！
Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology,7, 560–572.
5 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 126 人的發(fā)展
DISCOVERING LOVE 126 愛的發(fā)現(xiàn)
Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673–685.
OUT OF SIGHT, BUT NOT OUT OF MIND 134 眼不見，不一定心不煩
Piaget, J. (1954). The development of object concept: The construction of reality in the child (pp. 3–96). New York: Basic Books.
HOW MORAL ARE YOU? 142 你的品德如何？
Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children’s orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 6, 11–33.
IN CONTROL AND GLAD OF IT! 150 讓你愉快的控制力
Langer, E. J., & Rodin, J. (1976). The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 191–198.
6 EMOTION AND MOTIVATION 158 情緒和動機(jī)
A SEXUAL MOTIVATION . . . 158 性動機(jī)
Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little,Brown.
I CAN SEE IT ALL OVER YOUR FACE! 168 我能讀懂你的臉！
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 124–129.
LIFE, CHANGE, AND STRESS 175 生活、變化和應(yīng)激
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218.
THOUGHTS OUT OF TUNE 183 認(rèn)知失調(diào)
Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203–210.
7 PERSONALITY 191 人 格
ARE YOU THE MASTER OF YOUR FATE? 192 你能主宰自己的命運(yùn)嗎？
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1–28.
MASCULINE OR FEMININE . . . OR BOTH? 199 男性化、女性化⋯⋯還是雙性化？
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162.
RACING AGAINST YOUR HEART 209 和心臟賽跑
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association,169, 1286–1296.
THE ONE; THE MANY . . . 217 個人與集體
Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988).Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323–338.
8 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 226 心理病理學(xué)
WHO’S CRAZY HERE, ANYWAY? 226 這兒，誰是瘋子？
Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250–258.
YOU’RE GETTING DEFENSIVE AGAIN! 234 你再次獲得防御！
Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press.
LEARNING TO BE DEPRESSED 242 習(xí)得性抑郁
Seligman, M. E. P., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1–9.
CROWDING INTO THE BEHAVIORAL SINK 249 擁擠導(dǎo)致行為失常
Calhoun, J. B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American,206(3), 139–148.
9 PSYCHOTHERAPY 258 心理治療
CHOOSING YOUR PSYCHOTHERAPIST 258 為自己挑選心理治療師
Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies.
American Psychologist, 32, 752–760.
RELAXING YOUR FEARS AWAY 264 緩解你的恐懼心理
Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 132, 180–203.
PROJECTIONS OF WHO YOU ARE 272 投射出真正的你
Rorschach, H. (1942). Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. New York: Grune & Stratton.
PICTURE THIS! 279 編個故事吧！
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality (pp. 531–545). New York: Oxford University Press.
10 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 287 社會心理學(xué)
NOT PRACTICING WHAT YOU PREACH 287 言行不一
LaPiere, R. T. (1934). Attitudes and actions. Social Forces, 13, 230–237.
THE POWER OF CONFORMITY 295 從眾的力量
Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193(5),31–35.
TO HELP OR NOT TO HELP 300 你會伸出援手嗎？
Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377–383.
OBEY AT ANY COST? 308 無條件服從？
Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371–378.
Author Index 317 作者索引
Subject Index 319 主題索引
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