微控制器原理及應(yīng)用

第1章   計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)制及其轉(zhuǎn)換                 1
   1.1   計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)制及其轉(zhuǎn)換                 1
      1.1.1   數(shù)與數(shù)制                 2
      1.1.2   不同數(shù)制間的轉(zhuǎn)換                 5
   1.2   計(jì)算機(jī)中數(shù)與字符的編碼                 15
      1.2.1   數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)的編碼及運(yùn)算                 15
      1.2.2   非數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)的二進(jìn)制編碼                 32
   1.3   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的性能分析及分類                 34
      1.3.1   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的性能分析                 34
      1.3.2   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的分類                 37
   習(xí)題                 40
第2章   微型計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)                 41
   2.1   微型計(jì)算機(jī)概念                 41
      2.1.1   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的歷史                 41
      2.1.2   計(jì)算機(jī)的基本模型                 42
   2.2   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的組成                 45
      2.2.1   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的硬件                 46
      2.2.2   微型計(jì)算機(jī)的軟件                 48
      2.2.3   微型計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)                 48
   2.3   微處理器的結(jié)構(gòu)及原理                 49
      2.3.1   中央處理器的發(fā)展過(guò)程                 49
      2.3.2   存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)                 56
      2.3.3   當(dāng)前微處理器所使用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)                 61
   2.4   單片機(jī)概述                 63
      2.4.1   單片機(jī)基本概念                 63
      2.4.2   單片機(jī)的產(chǎn)生                 64
      2.4.3   單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用                 65
      2.4.4   單片機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)                 66
   2.5   單片機(jī)主要系列                 67
      2.5.1   主要生產(chǎn)制造商及其特點(diǎn)                 67
      2.5.2   單片機(jī)的四個(gè)主要系列                 68
   習(xí)題                 70
第3章   MCS-51系列單片機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)                 71
   3.1   MCS-51單片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和引腳                 71
      3.1.1   單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及功能部件                 71
      3.1.2   單片機(jī)外部引腳說(shuō)明                 73
   3.2   中央處理器CPU                 75
      3.2.1   運(yùn)算器                 75
      3.2.2   控制器及振蕩器                 76
      3.2.3   位(布爾)處理器                 77
   3.3   存儲(chǔ)器                 77
      3.3.1   存儲(chǔ)器的分類及存儲(chǔ)空間配置                 77
      3.3.2   內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器                 78
      3.3.3   外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器                 83
      3.3.4   程序存儲(chǔ)器                 84
      3.3.5   Flash閃速存儲(chǔ)器的編程                 85
   3.4   并行輸入/輸出接口                 86
      3.4.1   I/O接口電路概述                 86
      3.4.2   P0口                 86
      3.4.3   P1口                 87
      3.4.4   P2口                 88
      3.4.5   P3口                 88
      3.4.6   I/O端口負(fù)載能力                 89
   3.5   I/O接口電路的作用與I/O接口的編址方式                 89
      3.5.1   I/O接口電路的作用                 90
      3.5.2   I/O接口的編址方式                 91
   3.6   CPU的時(shí)序與復(fù)位                 91
      3.6.1   時(shí)序的基本概念                 92
   A     3.6.2   CPU的時(shí)序                 93
      3.6.3   復(fù)位電路與復(fù)位狀態(tài)                 93
      3.6.4   掉電與節(jié)電方式                 94
   習(xí)題                 95
第4章   指令系統(tǒng)及匯編語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)                 96
   4.1   程序設(shè)計(jì)概述                 96
      4.1.1   指令和程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言                 96
      4.1.2   匯編概念                 98
   4.2   指令格式和尋址方式                 98
      4.2.1   指令格式                 98
      4.2.2   指令中常用符號(hào)                 100
      4.2.3   尋址方式                 100
   4.3   MCS-51單片機(jī)指令系統(tǒng)                 104
      4.3.1   數(shù)據(jù)傳送類指令                 104
      4.3.2   算術(shù)運(yùn)算類指令                 113
      4.3.3   邏輯運(yùn)算及移位類指令                 118
      4.3.4   控制轉(zhuǎn)移類指令                 121
      4.3.5   位操作指令                 128
   4.4   匯編語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)                 132
      4.4.1   偽指令                 132
      4.4.2   匯編語(yǔ)言源程序格式                 135
      4.4.3   匯編語(yǔ)言程序的設(shè)計(jì)步驟與基本結(jié)構(gòu)                 136
      4.4.4   順序結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計(jì)                 139
      4.4.5   分支(選擇)結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計(jì)                 139
      4.4.6   循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計(jì)                 142
      4.4.7   常用子程序設(shè)計(jì)                 145
   4.5   匯編語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用程序的開(kāi)發(fā)與調(diào)試                 150
      4.5.1   仿真開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介                 150
      4.5.2   程序的開(kāi)發(fā)調(diào)試過(guò)程                 151
   習(xí)題                 152
第5章   中斷、定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器與串行口                 155
   5.1   中斷                 155
      5.1.1   中斷系統(tǒng)概述                 155
      5.1.2   MCS-51單片機(jī)的中斷系統(tǒng)                 157
      5.1.3   中斷處理過(guò)程                 162
      5.1.4   中斷請(qǐng)求的撤除                 164
      5.1.5   中斷程序應(yīng)用舉例                 165
   5.2   定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器                 167
      5.2.1   定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理                 168
      5.2.2   定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器的控制與實(shí)現(xiàn)                 170
      5.2.3   定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器的工作方式                 171
      5.2.4   定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器的應(yīng)用舉例                 173
   5.3   串行接口                 176
      5.3.1   串行通信的基本概念                 177
      5.3.2   MCS-51串行口的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理                 179
      5.3.3   串行口控制寄存器                 181
      5.3.4   串行口的工作方式                 182
      5.3.5   MCS-51串口的波特率                 185
      5.3.6   MCS-51多機(jī)通信技術(shù)                 187
      5.3.7   串行口的應(yīng)用舉例                 188
   習(xí)題                 191
第6章   C51語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)                 193
   6.1   C51語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)                 193
      6.1.1   C51程序創(chuàng)建過(guò)程                 193
      6.1.2   存儲(chǔ)空間定義                 195
      6.1.3   C51數(shù)據(jù)類型                 196
      6.1.4   C51的常量                 197
      6.1.5   C51常用的運(yùn)算符                 197
      6.1.6   C51的表達(dá)式                 199
      6.1.7   C51的基本語(yǔ)句                 200
   6.2   C51的函數(shù)和數(shù)組                 200
      6.2.1   函數(shù)的定義                 200
      6.2.2   數(shù)組的定義                 201
   6.3   C51的編程規(guī)范                 201
      6.3.1   注釋                 201
      6.3.2   命名                 201
      6.3.3   格式                 201
   6.4   C51的基本運(yùn)用                 201
第7章   單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展                 209
   7.1   概述                 209
   7.2   系統(tǒng)總線擴(kuò)展                 210
      7.2.1   系統(tǒng)總線擴(kuò)展簡(jiǎn)介                 210
      7.2.2   常用擴(kuò)展器件介紹                 212
      7.2.3   編址技術(shù)                 213
   7.3   存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展                 214
      7.3.1   存儲(chǔ)器擴(kuò)展概述                 214
      7.3.2   存儲(chǔ)器擴(kuò)展應(yīng)考慮的問(wèn)題                 217
      7.3.3   程序存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展                 217
      7.3.4   數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展                 220
   7.4   I/O接口的擴(kuò)展及應(yīng)用                 222
      7.4.1   I/O接口電路的作用                 222
      7.4.2   接口與端口                 223
      7.4.3   I/O的傳送方式                 224
      7.4.4   用TTL芯片擴(kuò)展I/O口                 225
      7.4.5   用可編程芯片擴(kuò)展I/O口                 226
   7.5   LED數(shù)碼顯示器接口                 233
      7.5.1   LED數(shù)碼顯示器的結(jié)構(gòu)與連接方式                 233
      7.5.2   LED數(shù)碼顯示器的接口電路與顯示方法                 235
      7.5.3   LED數(shù)碼顯示器應(yīng)用舉例                 238
   7.6   鍵盤(pán)接口                 243
      7.6.1   鍵盤(pán)接口的工作原理                 243
      7.6.2   鍵盤(pán)接口電路                 244
      7.6.3   鍵盤(pán)掃描程序                 248
      7.6.4   鍵盤(pán)接口設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例                 248
   7.7   A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器                 258
      7.7.1   A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器原理及性能指標(biāo)                 258
      7.7.2   典型A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片ADC0809簡(jiǎn)介                 261
      7.7.3   MCS-51單片機(jī)與ADC0809接口                 263
      7.7.4   A/D轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)用舉例                 266
      7.7.5   串行A/D轉(zhuǎn)換接口芯片TLC2543                 266
   7.8   D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器                 270
      7.8.1   D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器的原理及性能指標(biāo)                 270
      7.8.2   典型D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片DAC0832介紹                 272
      7.8.3   MCS-51單片機(jī)與DAC0832接口                 273
      7.8.4   串行D/A轉(zhuǎn)換接口芯片TLC5615                 277
   習(xí)題                 279
第8章   基于MCS-51的典型串行總線設(shè)計(jì)                 280
   8.1   概述                 280
   8.2   RS-485總線                 280
      8.2.1   RS-485電氣特性                 281
      8.2.2   RS-485總線節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)和通信方式                 282
      8.2.3   RS-485總線收發(fā)器與單片機(jī)接口電路的設(shè)計(jì)                 283
      8.2.4   基于單片機(jī)節(jié)點(diǎn)的RS-485總線的工作原理                 285
   8.3   SPI總線                 293
      8.3.1   SPI總線的工作原理                 293
      8.3.2   SPI總線的通信時(shí)序                 294
      8.3.3   硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)                 295
      8.3.4   軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)                 298
   8.4   I2C總線                 299
      8.4.1   I2C總線的工作原理                 299
      8.4.2   I2C總線的通信時(shí)序                 302
      8.4.3   硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)                 303
      8.4.4   軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)                 303
   習(xí)題                 308
第9章   單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用實(shí)例                 309
   9.1   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原則                 309
   9.2   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)流程                 310
      9.2.1   總體設(shè)計(jì)                 310
      9.2.2   硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)                 311
      9.2.3   印刷電路板設(shè)計(jì)                 312
      9.2.4   軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)                 312
      9.2.5   調(diào)試、運(yùn)行與維護(hù)                 313
   9.3   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的可靠性及抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)                 313
      9.3.1   干擾來(lái)源                 314
      9.3.2   電源系統(tǒng)抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)                 314
      9.3.3   地線干擾及抑制                 315
      9.3.4   其它提高系統(tǒng)可靠性的方法                 316
   9.4   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實(shí)例1——溫度時(shí)間測(cè)量與顯示系統(tǒng)                 316
      9.4.1   系統(tǒng)的功能分析                 317
      9.4.2   系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案                 317
      9.4.3   系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)                 317
      9.4.4   控制過(guò)程的軟件程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)                 328
   9.5   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實(shí)例2——太陽(yáng)能電池板追蹤系統(tǒng)                 337
      9.5.1   系統(tǒng)的功能分析                 337
      9.5.2   系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案                 338
      9.5.3   系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)                 338
      9.5.4   系統(tǒng)控制過(guò)程的軟件設(shè)計(jì)                 342
   9.6   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實(shí)例3——基于GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠(yuǎn)程遙測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)                 348
      9.6.1   系統(tǒng)功能需求分析                 348
      9.6.2   系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì)                 349
      9.6.3   系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)                 349
      9.6.4   基于GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠(yuǎn)程遙測(cè)系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)                 363
附錄                 386
   附錄Ⅰ   ASCII碼表                 386
   附錄Ⅱ   ASCII碼符號(hào)說(shuō)明                 387
   附錄Ⅲ   MCS-89C51系列單片機(jī)指令表                 387
參考文獻(xiàn)                 391