朗氏簡(jiǎn)明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)西班牙語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

名詞和冠詞 ................................................... 1

1.1 名詞的性 ................................................ 1

1.2 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成 .......................................... 3

1.3 定冠詞和不定冠詞 ........................................ 4

1.4 冠詞的用法 .............................................. 4

形容詞 ....................................................... 7

2.1 形容詞及其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 ................................ 7

2.2 形容詞的位置 ............................................ 9

2.3 縮寫(xiě)形式 ............................................... 10

2.4 形容詞的比較級(jí) ......................................... 11

2.5 對(duì)比 ................................................... 11

現(xiàn)在時(shí)和副動(dòng)詞 .............................................. 15

3.1 陳述式現(xiàn)在時(shí)：動(dòng)詞規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化 ................. 15

3.2 陳述式現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 ..................................... 19

3.3 副動(dòng)詞 ................................................. 20

3.4 副動(dòng)詞的用法 ........................................... 20

3.5 描述目前的行為 ......................................... 21

Ser, estar和hay ............................................. 24

4.1 動(dòng)詞ser和estar ......................................... 24

I







4.2 ser和estar的用法 ....................................... 25

4.3 動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)形式hay ...................................... 28

4.4 estar和hay的用法 ....................................... 28

過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) .................................................... 32

5.1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ............................................. 32

5.2 簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí) ............................................. 35

5.3 過(guò)去未完成時(shí) ........................................... 39

5.4 過(guò)去完成時(shí) ............................................. 42

將來(lái)時(shí)和ir+a+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................... 45

6.1 ir+a+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................ 45

6.2 ir+a+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式 .............................. 46

6.3 將來(lái)未完成時(shí) ........................................... 47

6.4 將來(lái)完成時(shí) ............................................. 49

條件時(shí) ...................................................... 52

7.1 (簡(jiǎn)單)條件時(shí)的構(gòu)成 ..................................... 52

7.2 (簡(jiǎn)單)條件時(shí)的用法 ..................................... 54

7.3 復(fù)合條件時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法 ................................. 55

命令式 ...................................................... 58

8.1 命令式的肯定形式 ....................................... 58

8.2 命令式肯定形式的用法 ................................... 59

8.3 命令式的否定形式 ....................................... 60

8.4 命令式的替代形式 ....................................... 61


II







虛擬式 ...................................................... 64

9.1 虛擬式的構(gòu)成 ........................................... 64

9.2 虛擬式的用法 ........................................... 70

條件從句 .................................................... 77

10.1 現(xiàn)實(shí)條件從句 ........................................... 77

10.2 可能的條件從句 ......................................... 78

10.3 非現(xiàn)實(shí)條件從句 ......................................... 78

10.4 連詞 ................................................... 79

間接引語(yǔ) .................................................... 83

11.1 轉(zhuǎn)述 ................................................... 83

11.2 復(fù)述問(wèn)題、請(qǐng)求或命令 ................................... 86

副詞 ........................................................ 89

12.1 副詞的構(gòu)成 ............................................. 89

12.2 副詞的用法 ............................................. 92

代詞 ........................................................ 96

13.1 人稱(chēng)代詞 ............................................... 96

13.2 物主代詞 .............................................. 101

13.3 指示代詞 .............................................. 105

13.4 不定代詞 .............................................. 108

13.5 關(guān)系代詞 .............................................. 115

13.6 疑問(wèn)代詞 .............................................. 120

III






數(shù)字 ....................................................... 125

14.1 基數(shù)詞 ................................................ 125

14.2 序數(shù)詞 ................................................ 129
前置詞和連詞 ............................................... 132



15.1 前置詞 ................................................ 132

15.2 連詞 .................................................. 143
被動(dòng)句和無(wú)人稱(chēng)句 ........................................... 145



16.1 被動(dòng)句 ................................................ 145

16.2 無(wú)人稱(chēng)句 .............................................. 147


附錄
常用動(dòng)詞表 .................................................... 149
不規(guī)則變位動(dòng)詞 ................................................ 155
答案 ....................................................... 160