新能源系統(tǒng)概論

CONTENTS目 錄第1章 緒 論 .......................................................................................11.1 能源及其分類 ................................................................................................11.1.1 能源的定義 ......................................................................................................11.1.2 能源的分類 ......................................................................................................21.2 能源與社會發(fā)展.............................................................................................31.2.1 能源利用與人類文明 ......................................................................................31.2.2 能源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 ..............................................................................................41.2.3 能源增長與人民生活 ......................................................................................51.3 能源現(xiàn)狀與能源問題 .....................................................................................71.4 未來我國能源發(fā)展方向 ..................................................................................9習(xí)題 .....................................................................................................................10第2章 太 陽 能 ......................................................................................112.1 太陽能應(yīng)用簡介...........................................................................................112.1.1 太陽能發(fā)展情況 ............................................................................................112.1.2 太陽能應(yīng)用情況 ............................................................................................132.2 硅材料 .........................................................................................................132.2.1 硅材料簡介 ....................................................................................................132.2.2 硅材料的性質(zhì) ................................................................................................142.3 硅基光伏電池材料制備 ................................................................................152.3.1 冶金硅的提煉 ................................................................................................152.3.2 高純度多晶硅原材料制備 ............................................................................172.3.3 直拉單晶硅棒 ................................................................................................202.3.4 鑄造多晶硅錠 ................................................................................................232.3.5 單晶硅片加工 ................................................................................................272.3.6 多晶硅片加工 ................................................................................................292.3.7 晶硅電池制備工藝 ........................................................................................372.3.8 晶硅組件制備工藝 ........................................................................................402.3.9 硅基薄膜組件制備工藝 ................................................................................422.4 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................442.4.1 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................442.4.2 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................452.5 光熱利用技術(shù) ..............................................................................................472.5.1 太陽能熱水系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................472.5.2 太陽能供暖系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................492.5.3 太陽能制冷系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................532.5.4 太陽能光熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................55習(xí)題 .....................................................................................................................59第3章 風(fēng) 能 ..................................................................................... 603.1 風(fēng)能及風(fēng)力發(fā)電基礎(chǔ)知識 ............................................................................603.1.1 風(fēng)能基本概念 ................................................................................................603.1.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組工作原理及分類 ....................................................................603.1.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................613.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的安裝與調(diào)試.........................................................................673.2.1 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組裝配工藝簡介 ........................................................................673.2.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組工廠內(nèi)機(jī)械部分的安裝及調(diào)試 ............................................683.2.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組液壓系統(tǒng)的裝配及調(diào)試 ........................................................713.2.4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組車間電氣裝配 ........................................................................723.2.5 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的現(xiàn)場安裝 ............................................................................733.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行與維護(hù).........................................................................743.3.1 傳動系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ................................................................................743.3.2 液壓系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ................................................................................753.3.3 偏航系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ................................................................................773.3.4 變槳距系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ............................................................................783.3.5 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的維護(hù)與檢修 ........................................................................803.4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的現(xiàn)場調(diào)試及并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行 ..........................................................823.4.1 加電前的安全檢查 ........................................................................................823.4.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的加電 ....................................................................................833.4.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的調(diào)試 ....................................................................................833.4.4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的并網(wǎng) ....................................................................................843.4.5 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的試運(yùn)行 ................................................................................85習(xí)題 .....................................................................................................................86第4章 生物質(zhì)能 ..................................................................................... 874.1 生物質(zhì)能基礎(chǔ)知識 .......................................................................................874.1.1 生物質(zhì)能基本概念 ........................................................................................874.1.2 生物質(zhì)能利用方式 ........................................................................................894.1.3 生物質(zhì)燃料 ....................................................................................................894.2 生物質(zhì)固化成型技術(shù) ...................................................................................924.2.1 生物質(zhì)固化成型原理 ....................................................................................924.2.2 生物質(zhì)壓縮成型工藝 ...................................................................................934.2.3 生物質(zhì)成型的影響因素 ...............................................................................944.2.4 生物質(zhì)成型工藝流程與設(shè)備 ........................................................................954.3 生物質(zhì)柴油技術(shù)...........................................................................................974.3.1 生物質(zhì)柴油定義 ............................................................................................974.3.2 生物質(zhì)柴油制備方法 ....................................................................................974.3.3 生物質(zhì)柴油的品質(zhì)控制和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ............................................................984.4 生物質(zhì)沼氣技術(shù)...........................................................................................994.4.1 沼氣的基本概念.............................................................................................994.4.2 沼氣發(fā)酵原理 ..............................................................................................1004.4.3 小型沼氣池發(fā)酵工藝類型 ..........................................................................1034.4.4 大中型沼氣工程 ..........................................................................................1054.5 生物質(zhì)發(fā)電技術(shù).........................................................................................1064.5.1 生物質(zhì)發(fā)電原理 ..........................................................................................1064.5.2 生物質(zhì)發(fā)電裝備 ..........................................................................................108習(xí)題 ................................................................................................................... 111第5章 其他新能源 ................................................................................1125.1 氫能...........................................................................................................1125.1.1 氫能概述 ...................................................................................................... 1125.1.2 氫的制備 ...................................................................................................... 1135.1.3 氫能的儲備 .................................................................................................. 1145.1.4 氫能的應(yīng)用 .................................................................................................. 1165.2 核能...........................................................................................................1175.2.1 核能概述 ...................................................................................................... 1175.2.2 核能的利用形式 ......................................................................................... 1195.2.3 核發(fā)電技術(shù) ..................................................................................................1205.2.4 核能的發(fā)展前景 ..........................................................................................1215.3 潮汐能 .......................................................................................................1225.3.1 潮汐能概述 ..................................................................................................1225.3.2 潮汐能發(fā)電技術(shù) ..........................................................................................1235.3.3 潮汐能應(yīng)用前景 ..........................................................................................1255.4 地?zé)崮?.......................................................................................................1285.4.1 地?zé)崮軕?yīng)用概述 ..........................................................................................1285.4.2 地?zé)崮艿膽?yīng)用 ..............................................................................................129習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................134第6章 智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù) ................................................................. 1356.1 智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用概述 .................................................................................1356.1.1 智能微電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展歷程 ..............................................................................1356.1.2 智能微電網(wǎng)國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................1366.2 智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用案例 .................................................................................1376.2.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與安裝 ..........................................................................1386.2.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與安裝 ..........................................................................1446.2.3 智能微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行 ..............................................................................147習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................157第7章 合同能源管理 ............................................................................ 1587.1 合同能源管理概述 .....................................................................................1587.1.1 合同能源管理簡介 ......................................................................................1587.1.2 國內(nèi)外合同能源管理發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ..................................................................1617.2 合同能源管理過程 .....................................................................................1627.2.1 能源管理合同的簽署 ..................................................................................1627.2.2 節(jié)能方案的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施 ..............................................................................1637.2.3 合同能源管理帶來的效益 ..........................................................................1647.3 合同能源管理政策 .....................................................................................1657.3.1 合同能源管理的政府補(bǔ)貼 ..........................................................................1657.3.2 合同能源管理稅收優(yōu)惠政策 ......................................................................1687.3.3 合同能源管理補(bǔ)貼政策的申請 ..................................................................1687.4 合同能源管理案例和合同范本 ...................................................................1707.4.1 某焦化企業(yè)合同能源管理節(jié)能改造 ..........................................................1707.4.2 某節(jié)電合同能源管理合同簡本 ..................................................................171習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................174第8章 碳 交 易 ................................................................................... 1758.1 我國碳交易背景及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀.......................................................................1758.1.1 我國碳交易背景 ..........................................................................................1758.1.2 我國碳交易的現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................................1788.2 碳交易基本概念與市場機(jī)制.......................................................................1798.2.1 碳交易的基本概念 ......................................................................................1798.2.2 碳交易的市場機(jī)制 ......................................................................................1808.3 電力行業(yè)參與碳交易 .................................................................................1828.4 光伏企業(yè)參與碳交易 .................................................................................186習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................187附錄 新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 ........................................................................ 188附錄A 《關(guān)于推薦分布式光伏發(fā)電示范區(qū)的通知》 .........................................188附錄B 《關(guān)于印發(fā)能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略行動計(jì)劃》....................................................188附錄C 其他新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)政策文件匯總 ..............................................................197參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................. 198