中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體20年（1994—2014）

1994 年 中國(guó)進(jìn)入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代 ................................................ 1 中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)早期應(yīng)用與構(gòu)建 ....................................................................................... 1 中國(guó)全功能接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng) ............................................................................................... 2 中國(guó)接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的重大意義 ....................................................................................... 3 1995 年 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向社會(huì)開(kāi)放接入服務(wù) .......................................... 4 中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入開(kāi)放階段 ........................................................................................... 4 國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)刊當(dāng)年實(shí)現(xiàn)上網(wǎng) ............................................................................................... 5 新聞組初顯網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息溝通威力 ................................................................................... 6 1996 年 首個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理法規(guī)出臺(tái) ............................................ 8 國(guó)內(nèi)四大網(wǎng)絡(luò)建成 ....................................................................................................... 8 上網(wǎng)電子報(bào)刊涌現(xiàn) ....................................................................................................... 9 首個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理法規(guī)出臺(tái) ......................................................................................... 10 1997 年 第四媒體的概念開(kāi)始出現(xiàn) ........................................... 12 新聞媒體網(wǎng)站規(guī)模擴(kuò)大水平提升 ............................................................................. 12 原生內(nèi)容網(wǎng)站發(fā)揮重大作用 ..................................................................................... 15 電子論壇成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動(dòng)傳播新秀 ............................................................................. 15 首次全國(guó)電子報(bào)刊研討會(huì)舉行 ................................................................................. 16 國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳播主管部門 ..................................................... 16 延伸閱讀：“一種媒介，多種聲音”與“多種媒介，一種聲音” ——互聯(lián)網(wǎng)挑戰(zhàn)內(nèi)地新聞傳媒 .................................................................... 17 1998 年 門戶網(wǎng)站涉足網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳播領(lǐng)域 ..................................... 29 門戶網(wǎng)站涉足網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳播領(lǐng)域 ............................................................................. 29 商業(yè)網(wǎng)站改變新聞傳播格局 ..................................................................................... 30 個(gè)人主頁(yè)成為網(wǎng)民個(gè)體傳播的手段 ......................................................................... 30 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化的獨(dú)特魅力開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 31 國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室再度發(fā)文 ..................................................................................... 32 延伸閱讀：網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞之我見(jiàn)——兼與郭樂(lè)天先生商榷 ................................................. 32 1999 年 黨中央著眼新世紀(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播布局 ..................................... 36 黨中央對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)新聞宣傳工作高度重視 ................................................................. 36 新聞媒體網(wǎng)站開(kāi)始以“網(wǎng)”相稱 ............................................................................. 37 新聞媒體網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)更上一層樓 ................................................................................. 38 新聞網(wǎng)站呼吁建立版權(quán)保護(hù)規(guī)則 ............................................................................. 40 網(wǎng)絡(luò)名人開(kāi)始出現(xiàn) ..................................................................................................... 41 延伸閱讀：新聞媒體網(wǎng)站設(shè)立電子論壇芻議 ................................................................ 42 2000 年 新聞網(wǎng)站矩陣著手打造 ............................................. 55 黨中央布局新聞網(wǎng)站發(fā)展 ......................................................................................... 55 新聞網(wǎng)站建設(shè)力度加大 ............................................................................................. 56 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播研究“熱”出現(xiàn) ......................................................................................... 58 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播管理進(jìn)入新階段 ......................................................................................... 59 附：網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳播管理的原則、辦法和思路 ................................................................ 60 延伸閱讀：全球化時(shí)代中文網(wǎng)絡(luò)的價(jià)值 ........................................................................ 62 2001 年 從第四媒體到網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體 ............................................. 72 中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體發(fā)展的國(guó)內(nèi)背景 ................................................................................. 72 中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的地位得到進(jìn)一步提升 ..................................................................... 74 中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)市場(chǎng)在加入WTO 后將生變 .................................................................. 78 附：中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體論壇（2001—2014 年）舉辦情況 ................................................... 80 延伸閱讀：新聞媒體網(wǎng)站的影響力從何而來(lái) ................................................................ 81 2002 年 博客為網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播添利器 ............................................. 85 新聞網(wǎng)站順勢(shì)猛進(jìn) ..................................................................................................... 85 門戶網(wǎng)站實(shí)現(xiàn)贏利 ..................................................................................................... 88 政府監(jiān)管與業(yè)界自律齊頭并進(jìn) ................................................................................. 89 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播進(jìn)入博客階段 ............................................................................................. 90 延伸閱讀：中國(guó)博客的自白——《博客——e 時(shí)代的盜火者》讀后記 ...................... 91 2003 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論波濤洶涌 ................................................. 95 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播影響 ............................................................................................................. 95 網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體建設(shè)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞報(bào)道 ................................................................................. 99 網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體與網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播管理 ....................................................................................... 103 延伸閱讀：“非典”（SARS）危機(jī)中的中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng) .................................................... 104 延伸閱讀：中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的民意表達(dá) .......................................................................... 115 2004 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播研究漸入佳境 ............................................ 124 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播 ............................................................................................................... 124 新聞網(wǎng)站建設(shè) ........................................................................................................... 128 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理 ............................................................................................................... 132 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播研究 ....................................................................................................... 133 附：“中國(guó)新媒體傳播學(xué)年會(huì)”舉辦情況 .................................................................... 138 延伸閱讀：告別中國(guó)黑客的激情年代——寫(xiě)在“中國(guó)紅客聯(lián)盟”解散之際 ................... 139 2005 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播全面進(jìn)入Web 2.0 階段 .................................... 154 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播全面進(jìn)入Web 2.0 時(shí)代 ....................................................................... 154 網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體建設(shè)、發(fā)展與管理 ................................................................................... 156 延伸閱讀：中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Web 2.0 階段的傳播與管理 ................................................... 162 2006 年 大興文明辦網(wǎng)、文明上網(wǎng)之風(fēng) ...................................... 172 傳播環(huán)境——大興文明辦網(wǎng)、文明上網(wǎng)之風(fēng) ....................................................... 172 傳播主力——新聞網(wǎng)站加快建設(shè)，門戶網(wǎng)站能量擴(kuò)展 ....................................... 173 傳播態(tài)勢(shì)——Web 2.0 形態(tài)各展異彩，影響與日俱增 ......................................... 176 傳播管理——政府、網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)民之間的關(guān)系將隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展而調(diào)適 ........... 178 附：中國(guó)新聞獎(jiǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)情況（2006—2014 年） ......................................... 180 延伸閱讀：中國(guó)新聞獎(jiǎng)增設(shè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞獎(jiǎng)答問(wèn) ——閔大洪接受《網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播》編輯孫光海采訪錄 .................................. 182 附：十六屆中國(guó)新聞獎(jiǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)獲獎(jiǎng)作品名錄 .................................................. 185 2007 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化建設(shè)高潮興起 ............................................ 187 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化建設(shè)興起之年 ........................................................................................... 187 輿論導(dǎo)向顯示力量之年 ........................................................................................... 188 新聞網(wǎng)站蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)之年 ........................................................................................... 189 奧運(yùn)報(bào)道布局籌備之年 ........................................................................................... 190 Web 2.0 應(yīng)用全面開(kāi)花之年 .................................................................................... 191 網(wǎng)民參與空前活躍之年 ........................................................................................... 193 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理加大力度之年 ........................................................................................... 194 國(guó)際雙邊、多邊對(duì)話平臺(tái)創(chuàng)建之年 ....................................................................... 195 附：中國(guó)與他國(guó)建立的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)雙邊、多邊對(duì)話平臺(tái)（2007—2014 年） ................. 197 延伸閱讀：方興未艾的多媒體數(shù)字報(bào) .......................................................................... 198 2008 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體躋身主流媒體 ............................................ 203 中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體成為主流媒體 ................................................................................... 203 網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體成為黨和政府與民眾溝通的重要平臺(tái) ................................................... 204 網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體在重大事件中發(fā)揮出的能量巨大 ........................................................... 205 伴隨網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播的發(fā)展公民媒體的力量逐漸壯大 ................................................... 206 網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻的發(fā)展與管理成為業(yè)界的熱點(diǎn)焦點(diǎn) ....................................................... 207 建設(shè)文明、誠(chéng)信的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)依舊是業(yè)界的當(dāng)務(wù)之急 ............................................... 208 人肉搜索引起社會(huì)廣泛的關(guān)注和爭(zhēng)議 ................................................................... 209 下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、無(wú)線城市、3G 等項(xiàng)建設(shè)順利推進(jìn) ............................................. 210 延伸閱讀：對(duì)中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義的觀察、分析——以中日、中韓關(guān)系為對(duì)象 ....... 212 2009 年 微博客再為網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播添利器 ........................................ 223 最重大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)報(bào)道 ................................................................................................... 223 最受關(guān)注的網(wǎng)絡(luò)事件 ............................................................................................... 225 最受重視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈現(xiàn) ............................................................................................... 226 最具效用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái) ............................................................................................... 227 最堅(jiān)決的網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng) ................................................................................................... 228 最離譜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播 ................................................................................................... 229 最熱門的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用 ................................................................................................... 230 最激烈的網(wǎng)絡(luò)沖突 ................................................................................................... 231 延伸閱讀：微博客的媒體特質(zhì)與傳播能量 .................................................................. 232 2010 年 中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)方針新表述 ............................................ 236 確定方針把握方向 ................................................................................................... 236 三網(wǎng)融合終于起步 ................................................................................................... 237 法規(guī)出臺(tái)專項(xiàng)整治 ................................................................................................... 238 宣傳報(bào)道生動(dòng)深入 ................................................................................................... 239 微博興起作用搶眼 ................................................................................................... 240 新聞網(wǎng)站轉(zhuǎn)企改制 ................................................................................................... 241 赴美IPO 再掀高潮 .................................................................................................. 242 網(wǎng)上輿論此起彼伏 ................................................................................................... 243 對(duì)話對(duì)抗各有呈現(xiàn) ................................................................................................... 244 江湖惡習(xí)充分暴露 ................................................................................................... 246 延伸閱讀：中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視臺(tái)開(kāi)播觀察 .......................................................................... 247 2011 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播復(fù)雜生態(tài)環(huán)境形成 ........................................ 253 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播生態(tài)復(fù)雜 ................................................................................................... 253 虛擬社會(huì)加強(qiáng)管理 ................................................................................................... 254 微博應(yīng)用持續(xù)火爆 ................................................................................................... 255 2011 年業(yè)界大事 ...................................................................................................... 257 延伸閱讀：“中國(guó)網(wǎng)事”與新華社戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型 ................................................................ 262 2012 年 網(wǎng)絡(luò)反腐勢(shì)頭高漲 ................................................ 271 堅(jiān)持發(fā)展毫不動(dòng)搖 ................................................................................................... 271 基本立場(chǎng)明確表達(dá) ................................................................................................... 272 網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情空前復(fù)雜 ................................................................................................... 272 加強(qiáng)治理多管齊下 ................................................................................................... 273 社交媒體影響再增 ................................................................................................... 275 移動(dòng)應(yīng)用方興未艾 ................................................................................................... 276 新聞媒體雙向動(dòng)作 ................................................................................................... 276 網(wǎng)絡(luò)報(bào)道規(guī)?？捎^ ................................................................................................... 277 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播百態(tài)呈現(xiàn) ................................................................................................... 278 延伸閱讀：王立軍事件展現(xiàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)政治傳播 .............................................................. 282 2013 年 讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間清朗起來(lái) .............................................. 285 中央把握全局 三位一體推進(jìn) ................................................................................. 285 整治網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言 再次亮劍行動(dòng) ................................................................................. 287 新興媒體勢(shì)強(qiáng) 傳統(tǒng)媒體轉(zhuǎn)型 ................................................................................. 288 重大事件傳播 網(wǎng)絡(luò)風(fēng)頭依舊 ................................................................................. 289 業(yè)界競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈 市場(chǎng)變換多端 ............................................................................... 292 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全重要 亟須建立規(guī)則 ............................................................................... 293 延伸閱讀：無(wú)國(guó)界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與威權(quán)互聯(lián)網(wǎng) ...................................................................... 295 延伸閱讀：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播研究在中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院新聞與傳播研究所的開(kāi)展 .............. 298 2014 年 中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體與網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播 .......................................... 307 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理新架構(gòu) ....................................................................................................... 307 媒體融合新方向 ....................................................................................................... 309 國(guó)際發(fā)聲新規(guī)則 ....................................................................................................... 310 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播新常態(tài) ....................................................................................................... 312 跋 一起走過(guò)，共同見(jiàn)證 ................................................... 318 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室文庫(kù) 打造21 世紀(jì)的走向未來(lái)叢書(shū) .............................. 321