鐵皮石斛生產(chǎn)實(shí)用技術(shù)彩色圖說(shuō)

第一章 鐵皮石斛基本介紹

第一節(jié)　藥用石斛··········································································2
一、 我國(guó)野生石斛的種類及分布················································2
二、 野生藥用石斛資源現(xiàn)狀························································2
三、 我國(guó)藥用石斛人工栽培品種及其栽培區(qū)域························3
四、 我國(guó)藥用石斛人工種植面積和產(chǎn)量····································4
第二節(jié)　鐵皮石斛簡(jiǎn)介················································································5
一、 功效與質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)····································································7
二、 化學(xué)成分················································································8
三、 藥理作用··············································································14
第三節(jié)　常見(jiàn)藥用石斛種類及其混偽品··················································19
一、 近緣種及其混偽品······························································19
二、 偽品鑒別··············································································51

第二章 鐵皮石斛生物學(xué)特性及其對(duì)環(huán)境條件的要求

第一節(jié)　鐵皮石斛生物學(xué)特性··································································54
一、 形態(tài)特征··············································································54
二、 生態(tài)習(xí)性··············································································55
第二節(jié)　鐵皮石斛對(duì)環(huán)境條件的要求······················································56
一、 溫度···················································································56
二、 光照···················································································58
三、 水···················································································58
四、 其他···················································································59

第三章 鐵皮石斛生產(chǎn)概況
第一節(jié)　鐵皮石斛產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀······························································62
第二節(jié)　鐵皮石斛產(chǎn)業(yè)亟待解決的主要問(wèn)題··········································65
一、 基礎(chǔ)研究相對(duì)薄弱······························································65
二、 產(chǎn)品單一， 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈短··························································65
三、 種源混雜， 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量難保證··············································66
四、 偽品沖擊··············································································66
五、 銷售市場(chǎng)狹窄， 產(chǎn)業(yè)急速擴(kuò)張··········································67
六、 無(wú)品牌效應(yīng)， 質(zhì)量難保障··················································67
第三節(jié)　鐵皮石斛產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向······························································69
一、 加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的深度和廣度··············································69
二、 建立健全栽培管理和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系··························69
三、 加強(qiáng)種源繁育研究， 保持種源穩(wěn)定性······························69
四、 加強(qiáng)政府引導(dǎo)， 建立產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟··········································70

第四章 鐵皮石斛優(yōu)良品種
第一節(jié)　鐵皮石斛的民間種類··································································73
第二節(jié)　鐵皮石斛優(yōu)良品種······································································74
一、 森山1號(hào)··············································································74
二、 天斛1號(hào)··············································································74
三、 仙斛1號(hào)··············································································75
四、 仙斛2號(hào)··············································································75
五、 紅鑫1號(hào)··············································································75
六、 普洱鐵皮1號(hào)和普洱鐵皮2號(hào)··········································75
七、 皖斛1號(hào)和皖斛2號(hào)··························································75
八、 桂斛1號(hào)··············································································76
九、 中科1號(hào)··············································································76
十、 川科斛1號(hào)··········································································76
十一、 雙暉1號(hào)··········································································77
十二、 中科從都2號(hào)··································································77
十三、 粵斛1號(hào)··········································································77

第五章 鐵皮石斛優(yōu)質(zhì)種苗擴(kuò)繁技術(shù)

第一節(jié)　無(wú)菌播種技術(shù)··············································································80
一、 材料···················································································80
二、 方法···················································································81
第二節(jié)　莖段組培技術(shù)··············································································84
一、 材料與消毒··········································································84
二、 方法······················································································84
第三節(jié)　扦插成苗技術(shù)··············································································87
一、 常規(guī)扦插育苗技術(shù)······························································87
二、 催芽素＋暗環(huán)境莖段扦插繁殖技術(shù)··································88

第六章 鐵皮石斛仿野生栽培

第一節(jié)　設(shè)施仿野生栽培··········································································92
一、 環(huán)境要求··············································································92
二、 種植設(shè)施··············································································92
三、 栽培技術(shù)··············································································94
第二節(jié)　林下原生態(tài)栽培··········································································97
一、 栽培基地的選擇··································································97
二、 栽培基地的清理··································································98
三、 木質(zhì)基質(zhì)的制作··································································98
四、 栽培基質(zhì)的鋪設(shè)··································································98
五、 種苗的消毒處理··································································98
六、 種苗的移栽··········································································98
七、 基地殺菌··············································································99
八、 水肥管理··············································································99
九、 蟲(chóng)害防治··············································································99
十、 采收··················································································99
第三節(jié)　巖石或活樹(shù)附生栽培································································100
一、 活樹(shù)附生栽培技術(shù)····························································100
二、 巖石附生栽培技術(shù)····························································102

第七章 鐵皮石斛主要病蟲(chóng)害及其防治

第一節(jié)　主要病害及其防治····································································106
一、 炭疽病················································································106
二、 莖腐病················································································107
三、 軟腐病················································································108
第二節(jié)　主要害蟲(chóng)及其防治····································································110
一、 蝸牛····················································································110
二、 地老虎················································································110
三、 蚜蟲(chóng)··················································································111
四、 斜紋夜蛾············································································112

第八章 鐵皮石斛的采收加工及其綜合開(kāi)發(fā)與利用

第一節(jié)　采收加工··················································································114
一、 采收··················································································114
二、 加工··················································································115
第二節(jié)　鐵皮石斛的綜合開(kāi)發(fā)與利用····················································116
一、 不同功能產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)························································116
二、 不同藥用部位的開(kāi)發(fā)························································117
三、 主要加工產(chǎn)品（保健食品）···············································120

附錄一　中藥材生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范（試行）···············································123
附錄二　中藥材規(guī)范化生產(chǎn)中允許使用的肥料種類和使用原則 ··········131
附錄三　中藥材規(guī)范化生產(chǎn)允許和禁止使用的農(nóng)藥種類和使用原則··················136

參考文獻(xiàn) ·············································································140