光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)

第1章 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介.........................................................................1
1.1　光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)................................................................................1
1.1.1　離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng).................................................................................1
1.1.2　并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng).................................................................................3
1.2　光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)基本組成........................................................................4
1.2.1　離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)組成.........................................................................4
1.2.2　并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)組成.........................................................................5
習(xí)題..............................................................................................................7
第2章 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)器件及選配因素.......................................................8
2.1　光伏組件 ...........................................................................................8
2.1.1　光伏組件的類(lèi)型.....................................................................................8
2.1.2　光伏組件制作工藝.................................................................................9
2.1.3　光伏組件的性能參數(shù)和典型產(chǎn)品.......................................................11
2.2　充放電控制器.....................................................................................14
2.2.1　充放電控制器工作原理及功能...........................................................14
2.2.2　充放電控制器分類(lèi)及特點(diǎn)...................................................................15
2.2.3　光伏控制器選配...................................................................................23
2.3　蓄電池 ...............................................................................................27
2.3.1　儲(chǔ)能的重要性與應(yīng)用...........................................................................27
2.3.2　常見(jiàn)蓄電池的類(lèi)型與性能...................................................................27
2.3.3　蓄電池組容量設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................................38
2.4　逆變器................................................................................................42
2.4.1　逆變器的分類(lèi)及其工作原理...............................................................42
2.4.2　離網(wǎng)逆變器...........................................................................................46
2.4.3　并網(wǎng)逆變器...........................................................................................47
2.5　交直流匯流箱.....................................................................................57
2.5.1　直流匯流箱工作原理...........................................................................57
2.5.2　直流匯流箱選配...................................................................................58
2.5.3　交流匯流箱工作原理及選配...............................................................61
2.6　交直流配電柜.....................................................................................64
2.6.1　直流配電柜...........................................................................................64
2.6.2　交流配電柜...........................................................................................65
2.7　變壓器 ...............................................................................................69
2.7.1　變壓器的分類(lèi)及容量...........................................................................69
2.7.2　變壓器選配和注意事項(xiàng).......................................................................70
2.8　防雷與接地保護(hù).................................................................................72
2.8.1　雷電對(duì)光伏系統(tǒng)危害...........................................................................72
2.8.2　光伏系統(tǒng)直擊雷防范措施...................................................................73
2.8.3　光伏系統(tǒng)感應(yīng)雷、雷電波防范措施...................................................78
2.8.4　光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)常見(jiàn)防雷做法...............................................................83
2.9　光伏電站線纜.....................................................................................85
2.9.1　光伏線纜分類(lèi).......................................................................................85
2.9.2　光伏線纜選配考慮因素.......................................................................88
2.9.3　線纜截面計(jì)算與選型...........................................................................89
2.10　光伏電站監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)............................................................................93
2.10.1　監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與布局.........................................................................93
2.10.2　監(jiān)控設(shè)備選型與配置.........................................................................96
2.10.3　自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)輔助設(shè)備...................................................................102
2.11　光伏電站繼電保護(hù)和自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng) ............................................103
2.11.1　繼電保護(hù)概念...................................................................................103
2.11.2　光伏電站繼電保護(hù)...........................................................................104
2.11.3　綜合自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)...........................................................................107
習(xí)題..........................................................................................................109
第3章 光伏電站選址勘察......................................................................110
3.1　光資源概述......................................................................................110
3.1.1　太陽(yáng)基本知識(shí).....................................................................................110
3.1.2　太陽(yáng)輻射基本概念.............................................................................111
3.1.3　地面太陽(yáng)輻射.....................................................................................113
3.1.4　全國(guó)光資源分布情況.........................................................................114
3.2　大氣環(huán)境對(duì)發(fā)電效率的影響.............................................................116
3.2.1　空氣因素影響.....................................................................................116
3.2.2　其他氣象因素.....................................................................................117
3.3　光伏電站站址選擇............................................................................118
3.3.1　光伏電站站址用地.............................................................................118
3.3.2　地質(zhì)與輸送條件勘察.........................................................................124
3.3.3　水文條件.............................................................................................125
3.3.4　交通運(yùn)輸條件和電力輸送.................................................................126
習(xí)題..........................................................................................................127
第4章 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).............................................................128
4.1　離網(wǎng)路燈系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................128
4.1.1　離網(wǎng)路燈系統(tǒng)容量設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................130
4.1.2　方陣設(shè)計(jì)與光伏組件選配.................................................................132
4.1.3　蓄電池選型與配置.............................................................................134
4.1.4　光伏控制器選配.................................................................................137
4.2　家用離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).............................................................138
4.2.1　家用離網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)容量設(shè)計(jì).............................................................139
4.2.2　光伏組件或方陣設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................139
4.2.3　離網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)蓄電池選型與配置.............................................................140
4.2.4　光伏控制器選擇.................................................................................141
4.2.5　光伏逆變器選擇.................................................................................141
習(xí)題..........................................................................................................141
第5章 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)...................................................................142
5.1　5 kW家用屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................142
5.1.1　項(xiàng)目任務(wù).............................................................................................142
5.1.2　電站設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................143
5.2　60 kW扶貧光伏電站系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)..........................................................147
5.2.1　項(xiàng)目任務(wù).............................................................................................147
5.2.2　電站設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................149
5.3　10 MW光伏電站的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................163
5.3.1　項(xiàng)目任務(wù).............................................................................................163
5.3.2　電站設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................164
5.3.3　項(xiàng)目發(fā)電量核算.................................................................................178
習(xí)題..........................................................................................................182
參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................................................183