光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與設計

第1章 光伏電站選址勘察 ......................................................................... 11.1 光伏電站站址選擇 ................................................................................11.1.1 地面光伏電站土地使用要求 .................................................................21.1.2 屋頂分布式光伏電站選址 .....................................................................41.2 氣象資源 ..............................................................................................81.2.1 太陽能資源 .............................................................................................81.2.2 大氣質(zhì)量 ...............................................................................................101.2.3 其他氣象因素 .......................................................................................111.3 地質(zhì)與輸送條件勘察 ..........................................................................121.3.1 地理和地質(zhì) ...........................................................................................121.3.2 水文條件 ...............................................................................................131.3.3 交通運輸條件和電力輸送 ...................................................................14習題 ............................................................................................................15第2章 光伏電站容量設計 ....................................................................... 162.1 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量設計 ...............................................................162.1.1 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結(jié)構 .......................................................................162.1.2 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量設計 ...............................................................192.2 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量設計 ...............................................................222.2.1 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結(jié)構 .......................................................................222.2.2 地面并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量基本設計 ...............................................23習題 ............................................................................................................25第3章 儲能技術 ..................................................................................... 273.1 儲能概述 ............................................................................................273.2 儲能蓄電池 ........................................................................................283.2.1 鉛酸蓄電池結(jié)構 ...................................................................................293.2.2 鉛酸蓄電池參數(shù)及容量識別 ...............................................................313.3 蓄電池組容量設計 ..............................................................................343.3.1 蓄電池種類選擇 ...................................................................................343.3.2 蓄電池容量設計方法 ...........................................................................363.4 超級電容容量設計 ..............................................................................383.4.1 超級電容器認識 ...................................................................................383.4.2 超級電容器容量設計 ...........................................................................403.5 其他儲能技術 .....................................................................................413.5.1 飛輪儲能 ...............................................................................................413.5.2 超導儲能 ...............................................................................................433.5.3 蓄水儲能 ...............................................................................................463.5.4 鋰電池儲能 ...........................................................................................47習題 ............................................................................................................48離網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)關鍵器件選型 ........................................................ 504.1 離網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)電池組件選型與配置 ............................................................504.1.1 電池組件特性 .......................................................................................504.1.2 電池熱斑效應及電池組件的串、并聯(lián)組合 .......................................524.1.3 太陽能電池板傾斜角設置 ...................................................................534.1.4 電池組件選型與配置 ...........................................................................554.2 離網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)蓄電池選型與配置 ...............................................................574.3 光伏控制器選配 .................................................................................604.3.1 光伏控制器認識 ...................................................................................614.3.2 光伏控制器分類及控制原理 ...............................................................634.3.3 光伏控制器選配方法 ...........................................................................704.4 離網(wǎng)逆變器選配 .................................................................................744.4.1 離網(wǎng)逆變器（簡稱逆變器）工作原理及認識 ...................................744.4.2 離網(wǎng)逆變器技術參數(shù)及選配方法 .......................................................794.5 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)選配 ......................................................................81習題 ............................................................................................................83集中并網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)關鍵器件選型 ................................................. 845.1 集中并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ......................................................................845.2 光伏陣列設計 .....................................................................................855.2.1　電池方陣選配 .......................................................................................855.2.2　電池方陣布局 .......................................................................................885.2.3　光伏方陣支架結(jié)構設計 .......................................................................905.2.4 光伏自動跟蹤技術選擇 .......................................................................925.3 直流匯流箱配置 .................................................................................935.3.1　直流匯流箱工作原理 ...........................................................................945.3.2　直流匯流箱選配 ...................................................................................965.4 直流防雷配電柜及直流配電設計 ........................................................985.5 并網(wǎng)逆變器的選配 ............................................................................1005.5.1　并網(wǎng)逆變器結(jié)構及特性 .....................................................................1005.5.2　組串式并網(wǎng)逆變器 .............................................................................1045.5.3　并網(wǎng)逆變器選配 .................................................................................1065.6 交流配電柜選配 ...............................................................................1105.6.1　交流配電柜認識 .................................................................................1105.6.2　交流配電柜技術要求及選配 .............................................................1125.7 升壓變壓器選配 ...............................................................................1145.8 光伏電站線纜選配 ............................................................................1175.8.1　光伏電纜選配因素 .............................................................................1175.8.2　光伏電纜選配 .....................................................................................118習題 ..........................................................................................................122第6章 屋頂分布式光伏系統(tǒng)關鍵器件選型 ........................................... 1236.1 屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)認識 ....................................................................1236.2 BIPV電池方陣設計 ...........................................................................1256.3 BIPV關鍵部件規(guī)劃與選型 ................................................................1276.3.1　BIPV電氣安全設計............................................................................1276.3.2　BIPV結(jié)構安全設計............................................................................1276.3.3　BIPV系統(tǒng)部件選擇............................................................................1296.3.4　BIPV配電及電網(wǎng)接入........................................................................131習題 ..........................................................................................................133第7章 防雷與接地設計 ........................................................................ 1347.1 雷電對光伏系統(tǒng)危害 ........................................................................1347.2 光伏系統(tǒng)直擊雷防范 ........................................................................1357.2.1 光伏系統(tǒng)直擊雷防范措施 .................................................................1357.2.2 接地系統(tǒng) .............................................................................................1397.3 光伏系統(tǒng)感應雷、雷電波防范 ..........................................................1407.3.1 光伏系統(tǒng)感應雷防范措施 .................................................................1407.3.2 光伏系統(tǒng)雷電波防范措施 .................................................................1407.3.3 光伏系統(tǒng)浪涌過電壓保護 .................................................................1417.3.4 電涌保護器（防雷器）選擇 .............................................................142習題 ..........................................................................................................146第8章 光伏電站監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設計 ............................................................. 1478.1 光伏電站監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)結(jié)構與布局 ..........................................................1478.2 監(jiān)控設備選型與配置 ........................................................................1518.2.1　現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控設備選型與配置 .................................................................1518.2.2　下位機設備選型與配置 .....................................................................1518.2.3　上位機設備選型與配置 .....................................................................1538.3 自動監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)輔助設備 ....................................................................157習題 ..........................................................................................................158第9章 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟性分析 .......................................................... 1599.1 光伏系統(tǒng)損耗與發(fā)電量 ....................................................................1599.1.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能量損耗 .....................................................................1599.1.2 光伏方陣總功率與占地面積 .............................................................1619.1.3 系統(tǒng)發(fā)電量分析 .................................................................................1619.2 光伏系統(tǒng)成本分析 ............................................................................1639.2.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)成本影響因素 .............................................................1639.2.2 光伏發(fā)電成本及投資效益分析 .........................................................1659.3 RETScreen可行性分析 ....................................................................1699.3.1　RETScreen認識 ..................................................................................1699.3.2　能源模型初始化 .................................................................................1709.3.3　能源模型分析 .....................................................................................1729.3.4 成本分析模型 .....................................................................................1739.3.5 減排量分析 .........................................................................................1759.3.6 財務分析 .............................................................................................1769.4 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)仿真規(guī)劃平臺 .................................................................1779.4.1 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)規(guī)劃平臺認識 .................................................................1779.4.2 模型設計 .............................................................................................1789.4.3 方案設計 .............................................................................................1819.4.4 能源報表 .............................................................................................188習題 ..........................................................................................................189附錄A 常用電纜選型與對照表 ............................................................. 190參考文獻 ................................................................................... 192