生理心理學原理 Principles of Physiological Psychology（導讀注釋版）

導 讀
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Author’s Preface to the First Edition
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Author’s Preface to the Fifth Edition
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Translator’s Preface
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INTRODUCTION
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§1. The Problem of Physiological Psychology
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§2. Survey of the Subject
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§3. Prepsychological Concepts
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Part I
The Bodily Substrate of the Mental Life
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CHAPTER I
The Organic Evolution of Mental Function
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§1. The Criteria of Mind and the Range of the Mental Life
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§2. The Differentiation of Mental Functions and of their Physical Substrate
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CHAPTER II
Structural Elements of the Nervous System
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§1. Morphological Elements
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(a) The Nerve-Cells
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(b) The Nerve-Fibres
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(c) Peripheral Nerve Terminations
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(d) The Neurone Theory
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§2. Chemical Constituents
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CHAPTER III
Physiological Mechanics of Nerve-Substance
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§1. General Principles and Problems of a Mechanics of Innervation
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(a) Methods of a Mechanics of Innervation
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(b) The Principle of the Conservation of Work
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(c) Application of the Principle of the Conservation of Work to the Vital Processes and the Nervous System
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§2. The Course of the Processes of Stimulation in the Nerve-Fibre
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(a) Course of the Muscular Contraction following Stimulation of the Motor Nerve
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(b) Excitatory and Inhibitory Processes in Nerve-Stimulation
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(c) After-effects of Stimulation: Practice and Fatigue
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(d) Stimulation of Nerve by the Galvanic Current
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§3. Theory of Nervous Excitation
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§4. Influence of the Central Parts upon the Processes of Excitation
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(a) Course of the Reflex Excitation
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(b) Enhancement of Reflex Excitability
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(c) Inhibitions of Reflexes by Interference of Stimuli
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(d) Chronic Effects of Excitation and Inhibition: Positive and Negative Tonus
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§5. Theory of Central Innervation
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(a) General Theory of the Molecular Processes in the Nerve-Cell
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(b) Relation of Nervous to Psychical Processes
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CHAPTER IV
Morphological Development of the Central Organs
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§1. General Survey
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(a) Object of the Following Exposition
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(b) The Neural Tube and the Three Main Divisions of the Brain
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(c) The Brain Ventricles and the Differentiation of the Parts of the Brain
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§2. The Myel in the Higher Vertebrates
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§3. The Oblongata
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§4. The Cerebellum
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§5. The Mesencephalon
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§6. The Diencephalon
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§7. The Prosencephalon
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(a) The Brain Cavities and the Surrounding Parts
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(b) Fornix and Commissural System
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(c) The Development of the Outward Conformation of the Brain
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CHAPTER V
Course of the Paths of Nervous Conduction
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§1. General Conditions of Conduction
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§2. Methods of Investigating the Conduction-Paths
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§3. Conduction in the Nerves and in the Myel
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(a) Origin and Distribution of the Nerves
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(b) Physiology of the Conduction-Paths of the Myel
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(c) Anatomical Results
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§4. Paths of Conduction in Oblongata and Cerebellum
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(a) General Characteristics of these Paths
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(b) Continuations of the Motor and Sensory Paths
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(c) The Regions of Origin of the Cranial Nerves and the Nidi of Cinerea in the Oblongata
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(d) Paths of Conduction in Pons and Cerebellum
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5. Cerebral Ganglia and Conduction Paths of the Higher Sensory Nerves
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(a) The Cerebral Ganglia
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(b) Conduction Paths of the Nerves of Taste and Smell
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(c) Conduction Paths of the Acoustic Nerve
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(d) Conduction Paths of the Optic Nerve
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6. Paths of Motor and Sensory Conduction to the Cerebral Cortex
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(a) General Methods for the Demonstration of the Cortical Centres
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(b) Motor and Sensory Cortical Centres in the Brain of the Dog
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(c) Motor and Sensory Cortical Areas in the Monkey
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(d) Motor and Sensory Cortical Centres in Man
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§7. Association Systems of the Cerebral Cortex
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§8. Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
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§9. General Principles of the Processes of Central Conduction
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(a) The Principle of Manifold Representation
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(b) Principle of the Ascending Complication of Conduction Paths
— 356
(c) The Principle of the Differentiation of Directions of Conduction
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(d) The Principle of the Central Colligation of Remote Functional Areas. Theory of Decussations
— 360 —
CHAPTER VI
The Physiological Function of the Central Parts
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§1. Methods of Functional Analysis
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§2. Reflex Functions
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(a) Spinal Reflexes
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(b) Metencephalic (Oblongata) and Mesencephalic Reflexes
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(c) Purposiveness of the Reflexes. Extent of Reflex Phenomena
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§3. Automatic Excitations
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(a) Automatic Excitations in Myel and Oblongata
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(b) Automatic Excitations in the Brain Cortex
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§4. Functions of the Mesencephalon and Diencephalon
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(a) Functions of the Mesencephalon and Diencephalon in the Lower Vertebrates
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(b) Functions of the Mesencephalon and Diencephalon in Man
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(c) Striatum and Lenticula
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§5. Functions of the Cerebellum
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§6. Functions of the Cerebral Hemispheres
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(a) Phenomena of Abrogation after Partial Destruction of the Prosencephalon
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(b) Phenomena of Abrogation after Total Loss of the Cerebral Hemispheres
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(c) Results from Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology
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(d) The Hypotheses of Localisation and their Opponents. The Old and the New Phrenologies
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§7. Illustrations of the Psychophysical Analysis of Complex Cerebral Functions
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(a) The Visual Centres
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(b) The Speech Centres
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(c) The Apperception Centre