簡明醫(yī)學機能學實驗指導

目錄第一章? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗導論 1第一節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗的發(fā)展及分類 2一、醫(yī)學機能學實驗的發(fā)展 2二、醫(yī)學機能學實驗研究的層次和實驗類型 3第二節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗室的基本規(guī)范及安全守則 4一、實驗課要求 4二、實驗室基本規(guī)范及安全守則 5第三節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗常用試劑的配制 6一、生理鹽水（normal saline，NS） 6二、任氏液（Ringer’s solution） 6三、臺氏液（Tyrode’s solution） 6第四節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗報告的格式及寫作要求 7一、一般要求 7二、實驗報告的基本格式 7第五節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗病例討論 9一、病例討論在教學中的實施 9二、病例討論的基本步驟 10三、病例討論的要點 10四、病例討論示例 11第二章? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗中的動物實驗 13第一節(jié)? 實驗動物的分類及選擇 13一、實驗動物的分類 13二、實驗動物的選擇 14三、機能學實驗常用的實驗動物 15第二節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學動物實驗的基本操作 17一、兩棲類動物實驗基本操作技能 17二、嚙齒類動物實驗基本操作技能 18三、哺乳類動物實驗基本操作技能 23第三節(jié)? 實驗動物福利與動物實驗倫理 25一、概述 25二、實驗動物福利 26三、動物實驗的“3R”原則 26四、動物實驗的倫理審查 27第四節(jié)? BL-420生物數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析系統(tǒng)簡介 27一、BL-420系統(tǒng)概述 27二、BL-420系統(tǒng)原理 28三、BL-420F軟件工具條介紹 28第五節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學經典動物實驗 40實驗一? 坐骨神經-腓腸肌標本制備 40實驗二? 刺激強度對肌肉收縮的影響 43實驗三? 刺激頻率對肌肉收縮的影響 45實驗四? 神經干動作電位的引導 46實驗五? 蛙心起搏點觀察 49實驗六? 期前收縮和代償間隙 51實驗七? 呼吸運動的調節(jié) 53實驗八? 心血管系統(tǒng)活動的調節(jié) 56實驗九? 消化道平滑肌的生理特性 58實驗十? 影響尿生成的因素 60實驗十一? 反射弧分析 62實驗十二? 缺氧模型制備與觀察 64實驗十三? 影響缺氧耐受性的因素 66實驗十四? 高鉀血癥及其解救 68實驗十五? 腸缺血再灌注損傷 70實驗十六? 失血性休克 72實驗十七? 急性右心衰竭 74實驗十八? 呼吸衰竭 75實驗十九? 氨在肝性腦病發(fā)病機制中的作用 77實驗二十? 不同給藥途徑對藥物作用的影響 78實驗二十一? 藥物的量效關系 79實驗二十二? 肝功能對戊巴比妥鈉催眠作用的影響 81實驗二十三? 傳出神經系統(tǒng)藥物對動脈血壓的影響 82實驗二十四? 地西泮對抗中樞興奮藥的致驚厥作用 84實驗二十五? 利多卡因的抗心律失常作用 85第三章? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗中的人體實驗 87第一節(jié)? WebChart-400人體生理實驗系統(tǒng)介紹 87一、系統(tǒng)主界面 87二、實驗項目界面 87第二節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學經典人體實驗 90實驗一? ABO血型鑒定 90實驗二? 動脈血壓測定 92實驗三? 心音聽診 94實驗四? 心電圖檢測 96實驗五? 人體呼吸運動的記錄 99實驗六? 視力測定 101實驗七? 盲點檢查 102實驗八? 視野測定 104實驗九? 色盲檢測 105實驗十? 聲音的傳導方式 107實驗十一? 膝跳反射的引導和觀察 109實驗十二? 人類聽覺和視覺反應 111第四章? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗研究 113第一節(jié)? 醫(yī)學實驗研究的基本原理 113一、醫(yī)學實驗研究方法與實驗設計 113二、實驗設計的一般規(guī)則 113三、實驗設計的基本要點 116第二節(jié)? 研究論文的撰寫及發(fā)表 117一、研究論文的基本結構 117二、在期刊上發(fā)表論文 120第三節(jié)? 醫(yī)學機能學實驗設計與實施 122一、實驗設計報告（實驗前報告）的格式 122二、完整實驗報告（實驗后報告）的格式 123三、期刊論文形式的實驗報告格式 123附錄1? 經典生理學實驗報告樣例 124附錄2? 實驗設計報告樣例 126附錄3? 實驗設計正式報告樣例 129附錄4? CO發(fā)生裝置及相關機制 134附錄5? 小鼠耗氧量測定 135附錄6? 哺乳類動物實驗基本操作技能 136附錄7? BL-420N生物信號采集與分析系統(tǒng)簡介 138附錄8? HPS-102人體生理實驗系統(tǒng)介紹 146Chapter I?Introduction to Medical Functional Experiment 150Section 1?The Development and Basic Types of Medical Functional Experiment 1511． The development of medical functional experiment 1512． Basic level and types of medical functional experiment 153Section 2?The Basic Code and Safety Rules of the Functional Laboratory 1541． Requirements of experimental class 1542． Laboratory code and safety guideline 155Section 3?Preparation of Common Reagents for Medical Functional Experiment 1561． Normal saline 1562． Ringer’s solution 1573． Tyrode’s solution 157Section 4?Formats and Requirements of Medical Functional Experiment Reports 1581． General requirements 1582． Basic format of experiment reports 158Section 5?Clinical Case Discussion in Medical Functional Experiment 1601． Basic steps for case discussion in medical functional experiment 1612． The main principles followed in case discussion 1623． Example of case discussion 162Chapter II?Animal Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 164Section 1?The Classification and Selection of Laboratory Animals 1641． Classification of laboratory animals 1642． Selection of laboratory animals 1653． Laboratory animals commonly used in functional experiments 166Section 2?Basic Operating Techniques of Medical Functional Animal Experiment 1691． Basic operating techniques of amphibians experiment 1692． Basic operating techniques of rodents experiment 1703． Basic operating techniques of mammals experiment 177Section 3?Welfare of Laboratory Animals and Ethics of Animal Experiment 1801． Introduction 1802． The welfare of laboratory animals 1813． Principles of 3R in animal experiment 1814． The ethical review of animal experiment 182Section 4 Introduction to BL-420 Biological Data Acquisition and Analysis Systems 1821． Overview of BL-420 system 1822． Principle of BL-420 system 1833． Introduction to BL-420F software tool bar 184Section 5?Classical Animal Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 197Experiment 1?Sciatic-gastrocnemius preparation 197Experiment 2?The effects of stimulation intensity on muscle contraction 200Experiment 3?The effects of stimulation frequency on muscle contraction 202Experiment 4?Induction of the compound AP of nerve trunk 204Experiment 5?Observation of the cardiac pacemaker of a frog 207Experiment 6?Extrasystole and compensatory pause of the frog heart 209Experiment 7?Regulation of respiration movement 211Experiment 8?Regulation of cardiovascular system activities 214Experiment 9?Physiological properties of smooth muscle of digestive tract 217Experiment 10?Factors affecting urine formation 219Experiment 11?The analysis of reflex arc 222Experiment 12?Preparation and observation of hypoxia model 223Experiment 13?Factors affecting hypoxic tolerance 226Experiment 14?Hyperkalemia and its rescue 228Experiment 15?Ischemia reperfusion injury in intestines 230Experiment 16?Hemorrhagic shock 232Experiment 17?Acute right heart failure 234Experiment 18?Respiratory failure 236Experiment 19 The role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy 238Experiment 20?Influence of administration route on drug action 240Experiment 21?Dose-effect relationship of drugs 241Experiment 22 Influence of hepatic function on the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital sodium 243Experiment 23 Effect of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system on blood pressure 244Experiment 24 The effect of diazepam on convulsion induced by central stimulants 246Experiment 25?Antiarrhythmic effects of lidocaine 247Chapter III?Human Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 249Section 1?Introduction to WebChart-400 system for human experiments 2491． Main interface of the system 2492． Experiment interface 249Section 2?Classical Human Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 253Experiment 1?Determination of ABO blood types 253Experiment 2?Measurement of blood pressure 255Experiment 3?Detection of heart sound 257Experiment 4?Recording of an electrocardiogram 259Experiment 5?Recording of human respiratory movement 262Experiment 6?Examination of visual acuity 265Experiment 7?Examination of blind spot 266Experiment 8?Examination of visual fields 268Experiment 9?Examination of color blindness 270Experiment 10?The ways of sound conduction 272Experiment 11?Induction and observation of knee jerk reflex 274Experiment 12?Human auditory and visual responses 276Chapter IV?Experimental Research of Medical Functional Experiment 279Section 1?The Basic Principle of Medical Experimental Research 2791． Medical experimental research method and experimental design 2792． General rules for the experimental design 2803． The basic key points of the experimental design 283Section 2?The Writing and Publication of Research Paper 2841． Basic structure of scientific papers 2842． Publish scientific papers in journals 288Section 3 Experimental Design and Implementation in Medical Functional Experiment 2911． The format of the experimental design report/pre-lab report 2912． The format of a full experimental report 2913． The format of experimental report in form of journal published paper 292Appendix 1?An example of a typical physiology experimental report 293Appendix 2?An example of physiological experimental design 295Appendix 3?An example of a full Lab report 298Appendix 4?CO generator device and related mechanism 305Appendix 5?Measurement of oxygen consumption in mice 306Appendix 6?Basic technique for mammal experiments 307Appendix 7 Brief introduction to BL-420N data acquisiton and analysis system 309Appendix 8 An introduction to HPS-102 human physiology experimental system 318參考文獻 322