Design Standardization in Residential Buildings in China：Major Developers' Design Standardization Practice

Chapter 1Research Statement1
1.1Introduction2
1.2Research Aims and Objectives4
1.3Significance of Study7
1.3.1Residential Design Research7
1.3.2A Changing Scenario8
Chapter 2Residential Design Standardization9
2.1Introduction10
2.2Standardization and Design Standardization11
2.2.1Standardization11
2.2.2Standardization in Knowledge Management12
2.2.3Standardization in Design Management17
2.3Standardization and Design Standardization in Residential Property Development in China20
2.3.1Aims21
2.3.2Pros, Cons and Required Prior Conditions23
2.3.3Current Situation27
2.3.4Standardization Framework and Position of Design Standardization28
2.3.5Preparation and Application Processes30
2.4Description of Design Standardization33
2.4.1Descriptions of Design Standardization33
2.4.2Uniqueness of Design Standardizations in Residential Property Development in China34
Chapter 3Research Methodology37
3.1Research Paradigm, Methodology and Methods38
3.2Research Implementation: Research Design, Data Collection and Data Analysis40
3.2.1Study 140
3.2.2Study 253
3.2.3Study 354
Chapter 4A Quantitative Measurement of the Use of Design Standardization59
4.1Characteristics of the Study Sample60
4.2The Overall Degree of the Use of Standardized Design61
4.3Varieties of Design Standardization66
4.3.1Standardized Floor Plan Types66
4.3.2Typologies of Standardized Floor Plan Design67
4.3.3The Use of Standardized Design Based on Floor Plan Type69
4.3.4The Use of Standardized Designs at Four Cities Based on Floor Plan Type75
4.4The Use of Standardized Designs Based on the Five Primary NBnb Floor Plan Type78
Chapter 5A Correlational Test of the Use of Design Standardization at ProjectLevel, OrganizationLevel and CityLevel Variables83
5.1Characteristics of the Study Sample84
5.2Project Level Variables85
5.3Developer Level Variables91
5.4City Level Variables93
Chapter 6MultiStakeholder Perspectives on Design Standardization97
6.1The Initiation and Adoption of Standardized Design98
6.1.1Societal Level102
6.1.2Industry Level111
6.1.3Organizational Level112
6.1.4Individual Level114
6.2The Pros and Cons of the Use of Design Standardization117
6.2.1Individual Level119
6.2.2Organizational Level130
6.2.3Societal Level137
6.3Stakeholders’ Estimation141
6.3.1An Overall Estimation141
6.3.2Estimation on Cities142
6.3.3Estimation on Developers147
6.4Stakeholders’ Evaluation and Expectation149
6.4.1Evaluation149
6.4.2Expectation155
Chapter 7Insights and Inferences163
7.1Introduction164
7.2Controlling and Guiding Design Standardizations165
7.3Cityscape Issue and More Social and Environmental Concerns166
7.4ReOrientation of Design Process and Schedule166
7.5Practitioners’ Struggling168
Chapter 8Conclusions and Recommendations171
8.1Policy Implications172
8.1.1Architectural Copyright Protection172
8.1.2Preservation of Local Identity174
8.2Practical Implications175
8.2.1Improvement of Design Quality175
8.2.2Focus on Smaller Room Types175
8.2.3Talent and Technology Strategies176
8.3Methodological Implications177
8.4Limitations of the Research178
8.5Recommendations for Future Studies179
8.5.1Measurement Development179
8.5.2Data Sample of this Research179
8.5.3Sustainability Impact Assessment of Design Standardization180
8.5.4Technology Integration181