夢(mèng)想與理想
夢(mèng)想做大事業(yè),人或笑之,以為無(wú)益。其實(shí)不然。天下多少事業(yè),皆起于一二人之夢(mèng)想。今日大患,在于無(wú)夢(mèng)想之人耳。
嘗謂歐人長(zhǎng)處在敢于理想。其理想所凝集,往往托諸“烏托邦”(Utopia)。柏拉圖之Republic(《理想國(guó)》),培根之New Atlantis(《新亞特蘭蒂斯》),穆?tīng)枺═homas More)之Utopia(《烏托邦》),圣阿格斯?。⊿t.Augustine)之City of God(《上帝城》),康德之Kingdom of Ends(《論萬(wàn)物之終結(jié)》)及其Eternal Peace(《太平論》),皆烏托邦也。烏托邦者,理想中之郅治之國(guó),雖不能至,心向往焉。今日科學(xué)之昌明,有遠(yuǎn)過(guò)培根夢(mèng)想中之《郅治國(guó)》者,三百年間事耳。今日之民主政體雖不能如康德所期,然有非柏拉圖二千四百年前所能夢(mèng)及者矣。七十年前(1842年),詩(shī)人鄧耐生(今譯丁尼生,英國(guó)詩(shī)人)有詩(shī)云:
For I dipt into the future,far as human eye could see,
Saw the vision of the world,and all the wonder that would be;
Saw the heavens with commerce,argosies of magic sails,
Pilots of the purple twilight,dropping down with costly bales;
Heard the heavens fill with shouting,and there rain'd a ghastly dew
From the nations'airy navies grappling in the central blue;
Far along the world wide whisper of the south wind rushing warm,
With the standards of the peoples plunging through'the thunderstorm;
Till the war drum throbb'd no longer,and the battle flags were furl'd
In the Parliament of man,the Federation of the world.
Locksley Hall
[譯文]
吾曾探究未來(lái),憑眼極力遠(yuǎn)眺,
望見(jiàn)世界之遠(yuǎn)景,望見(jiàn)將會(huì)出現(xiàn)之種種奇跡;
看到空中貿(mào)易不斷,玄妙之航隊(duì)穿梭往來(lái),
駕紫色暮靄之飛行者紛紛降落,攜帶昂貴之貨品;
聽(tīng)到天上充滿吶喊聲,交戰(zhàn)各國(guó)之艦隊(duì)在藍(lán)天中央廝殺,
降下一陣可怖之露水;
同時(shí),在遍及全世界之和煦南風(fēng)奏響之颯颯聲中,
在雷電之轟鳴聲中,各民族之軍旗勇往直前;
直到鳴金收兵,直到戰(zhàn)旗息偃,
息偃在全人類之議會(huì)里,在全世界之聯(lián)邦里。
《洛克斯利田莊》
在當(dāng)時(shí)句句皆夢(mèng)想也。而七十年來(lái),前數(shù)句皆成真境,獨(dú)末二語(yǔ)未驗(yàn)耳。然吾人又安知其果不能見(jiàn)諸實(shí)際乎?
天下無(wú)不可為之事,無(wú)不可見(jiàn)諸實(shí)際之理想。電信也,電車(chē)也,汽機(jī)也,無(wú)線電也,空中飛行也,海底戰(zhàn)斗也,皆數(shù)十年夢(mèng)想所不及者也,今都成實(shí)事矣。理想家念此可以興矣。
吾國(guó)先秦諸子皆有烏托邦:老子、莊子、列子皆懸想一郅治之國(guó);孔子之小康大同,尤為卓絕古今。漢儒以還,思想滯塞,無(wú)敢作烏托邦之想者,而一國(guó)之思想遂以不進(jìn)。吾之以烏托邦之多寡,卜思想之盛衰,有以也夫!
摘自胡適1916年3月8日留美日記