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一一、再游波士頓記

胡適留學(xué)日記:全十七卷 作者:胡適


一一、再游波士頓記

(一月廿七日追記)

波士頓有卜朗吟會(Boston Browning Society),會中執(zhí)行部書記施保定夫人(Mrs. Ada Spaulding)為哈佛大學(xué)吳康君之友。夫人邀吳康君至?xí)醒菡f“Confucianism and the Philosophy of Browning”(儒學(xué)與卜朗吟哲學(xué)),吳君謙辭之。已而思及余,因力薦余任此役。夫人以書致余,余初不敢遽諾,既思此會代表波士頓文物之英,不可坐失此機會,遂諾之。以數(shù)日之力寫演說稿成,正月十八夜以火車離綺色佳,十九晨至波城,此余第二次來此也。

往訪訥博士夫婦于康橋。

午往訪鄭萊君,遇孫學(xué)悟君;同出門,遇吳康君。余與吳康君初未相見,執(zhí)手甚歡。同餐于哈佛飯廳,室極大,可容千人,此康乃耳所無也。席上遇宋子文、張福運、竺可楨、孫恒、趙文銳、陳長蘅、賀楙慶諸君。

下午三時至Hotel Vendome,為卜郎吟會會場。到者約百人,皆中年以上人,有甚老者。余演說約四十五分鐘,頗受歡迎。繼余演說者為一英國婦人,皈依印度梵丹教者(Vedanta),演說“Vedanta and Browning”。以余私見言之,余此次演稿,遠勝余去年得卜朗吟獎賞之論文也。

吳康君宴余于紅龍樓,同席者七人,極歡。

夜宿卜朗吟會執(zhí)行部長陸次君(Rev. Mr. Harry Lutz)之家,陸君夫婦相待極殷,見其二子焉。

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二十日晨至哈佛,重游大學(xué)美術(shù)館(Fogg Art Museum)。

訪米得先生(Edwin M. Mead)于世界和平會所(World Peace Foundation)。此君為此間名宿,著書甚富,為和平主義一健將。訪張子高于青年會,不遇。

至康橋赴世界會(哈佛)午餐,納博士、墨茨博士及南非巴士曼君(Bosman)等皆在座。

下午,與鄭萊君往游波城美術(shù)院(Boston Museum of Fine Arts),訪其中國畫部主者,承令一日本人指示余等。其人名富田幸次郎,極殷勤,指導(dǎo)甚周至。所見宋徽宗《搗練圖》,馬遠三幅,夏圭二幅,其一大幅夏圭畫尤佳。富田君語余,“以館地太隘,故僅此數(shù)幅陳列于外。尚有多幅深藏內(nèi)室,不輕示人,以時太晚,不能相示。如君等明日能來,當(dāng)一一相示?!庇啾緮M明晨去紐約,以此機不可坐失,遂決意明日再來,與約后會而去。

是夜,澄衷同學(xué)竺君可楨宴余于紅龍樓,同席者七人,張子高后至,暢談極歡。昨夜之集已為難繼,今夜傾談尤快,馀與鄭君萊話最多,馀人不如余二人之滔滔不休也。是夜,所談最重要之問題如下:

一、設(shè)國立大學(xué)以救今日國中學(xué)者無求高等學(xué)問之地之失。此意余于所著《非留學(xué)篇》中論之極詳(見《留美學(xué)生年報》第三年)。

二、立公共藏書樓博物院之類。

三、設(shè)立學(xué)會。

四、輿論家(“Journalist”or“Publicist”)之重要。吾與鄭君各抒所謂“意中之輿論家”。吾二人意見相合之處甚多,大旨如下:

輿論家:

(一)須能文,須有能抒意又能動人之筆力。

(二)須深知吾國史事時勢。

(三)須深知世界史事時勢。至少須知何處可以得此種知識,須能用參考書。

(四)須具遠識。

(五)須具公心,不以私見奪真理。

(六)須具決心毅力,不為利害所移。

鄭君談及俄文豪屠格涅夫(Turgenev)所著小說 Virgin Soil 之佳。其中主人乃一遠識志士,不為意氣所移,不為利害所奪,不以小利而忘遠謀。滔滔者天下皆是也,此君獨超然塵表,不欲以一石當(dāng)狂瀾,則擇安流而游焉。非趨易而避難也,明知只手挽狂瀾之無益也。志在淑世固是,而何以淑之之道亦不可不加之意。此君志在淑世,又能不尚奇好異,獨經(jīng)營于貧民工人之間,為他人所不能為,所不屑為,甘心作一無名之英雄,死而不悔,獨行其是者也。此書吾所未讀,當(dāng)讀之。

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二十一日晨往美術(shù)院訪富田幸次郎,與同至藏畫之室。此院共有中日古畫五千幅,誠哉其為世界最大“集”也。(英文Collection,余譯之為“集”,初欲譯為“藏”,以其不確,故改用“集”。)是日所觀宋元明名畫甚多,以日力有限,故僅擇其“尤物”(Masterpieces)五六十幅觀之。今記其尤佳者如下:

一、董北苑《平林霽色圖》鄭蘇戡題字“北苑真筆”。董其昌跋。王煙客(時敏)跋。端陶齋(方)跋。此畫為一滿人所藏,字樸孫,號三虞堂主人,不知其姓名,以英文音譯之,乃勤信也。此畫饒有逸氣,為南派神品。

二、阮文達藏《宋元拾翠》冊頁 此集皆小品冊頁。其尤佳者:

(一)顧德謙《文姬歸漢圖》。

(二)胡瑰畫《番馬》。

(三)范寬一畫。

(四)夏圭《山水》。

(五)班恕齋(惟志)一幅。

(六)王振鵬《龍舟》。

此集尚有宋繡花鳥一幅,其線色已剝落,然猶可供史家之研究也。

三、宋陳所翁(容)畫《瀑龍圖》大幅 此畫大奇,筆力健絕;惜有損壞之處,為俗手所補,減色不少。

四、趙子昂畫《相馬圖》。

五、管夫人《墨竹》,有夫人之姊姚管道果題跋。

六、王振鵬(朋梅,永嘉人)《仿李龍眠白描》一幅,有錢大昕題字。另有他跋無數(shù)。此畫大似龍眠,向定為龍眠之筆;錢大昕始見樹干題“振鵬”二字,細如蠅頭,乃定為王振鵬之筆。

七、仇寶父(寅)《騎士圖》。

八、《犬圖》(無名),大佳。

九、《蜻蜓圖》(無名),花卉蟲物皆佳。

十、《觀瀑圖》(無名),疑明以后之物。

十一、錢舜(元人),《花卉》。

十二、馬遠(?)《觀音》。

十三、《釋迦》(無名),著色極深而新,元人物也。

十四、學(xué)吳道子畫三幅:

(一)天官紫微大帝。

(二)地官清翠大帝。

(三)水官洞陰大帝。

皆工筆也,學(xué)畫者可于此見古人作畫之工。(此三幅初疑為道子真筆,院中賞鑒家以為宋人仿本耳。)

十五、陸信中《十六羅漢圖》十六幅。著色甚有趣,惜太板不生動耳。

十六、《五百羅漢圖》一百幅之十。此百幅為宋人趙其昌、林定國所作,在日本某寺,凡百幅,毎幅五羅漢。此院得十幅,余仍在日本。著色極佳,畫筆亦工致而饒生致,遠勝上記之十六幅矣。此畫與上記之十六幅皆足代表所謂“佛氏美術(shù)”,甚足供研究也。

此外不可復(fù)記矣。

既出藏室,復(fù)至昨日所過之室重觀所已見之畫。其宋徽宗一畫,有題簽為“摹張萱《搗練圖》”,此幅真是人間奇物,不厭百回觀也。

富田君知余不可久留,僅邀余觀日本畫一幅《平治物語繪卷》,寫戰(zhàn)斗之景,人物生動無匹。(為慶恩時代名筆,不著畫家姓氏)

與富田君別,謝其相待之殷,并與約如今年夏間有暇,當(dāng)重來作十日之留。

院中藏畫,多出日人岡倉覺三購買收藏之力。此君乃東方美術(shù)賞鑒大家,二年前死矣。著書有 The Ideals of the East (Okakura Kakuzo;2nd ed. London,Murray)。

下午三時去波士頓,夜九時至紐約。以電話與韋蓮司女士及其他友人約相見時。

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二十二日至紐約美術(shù)院(The Metropolitan Museum of Art),韋蓮司女士亦至,導(dǎo)余流覽院中“尤物”。女士最喜一北魏造像之佛頭,其慈祥之氣,出塵之神,一一可見。女士言,“久對此像,能令人投地膜拜?!贝讼裰畟?cè),尚有一羅漢之頭,笑容可掬,亦非凡品。院中有中國畫一集,皆福開森氏所藏,今日乃不可見,以新得Benjamin Altman Collection方在陳列,占地甚多,不得隙地也。

午后,一時至女士寓午餐,遇John Ward Young君夫婦,皆韋蓮司家之友也。

下午,四時許以火車至紐約附近一鎮(zhèn)名Upper Montclair,N. J. 訪友人節(jié)克生君(Rev. Mr. Henry E. Jackson為the Christian Union Congregational Church of Upper Montclair之牧師)于其家。此君即前與余論耶穌之死及蘇格拉底之死之異同者也。此次聞余來紐約,堅邀過其家為一宿之留,不得已,諾焉。既至,見其夫人及一子(Robert)一女(Ruth),蒙相待甚殷。夜與此君談宗教問題甚久,此君亦不滿意于此邦之宗教團體(Organized Christianity),以為專事虛文,不求真際。今之所謂宗教家,但知赴教堂作禮拜,而于耶穌所傳真理則皆視為具文。此君之家庭極圓滿安樂。節(jié)君告我曰:“吾婦之于我,亦夫婦,亦朋友,亦伴侶?!贝嘶橐鲋铣艘?。是夜宿其家。

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二十三日晨以車歸紐約,往訪嚴(yán)敬齋(莊)及王君復(fù)(夏)于哥倫比亞大學(xué)。聞鄧孟碩亦在此,訪之于其室,相見甚歡。敬齋告我,此間有多人反對余之《非留學(xué)篇》,賴同志如王、易鼎新諸君為余辯護甚力。余因謂敬齋曰,“余作文字不畏人反對,惟畏作不關(guān)痛養(yǎng)之文字,人閱之與未閱之前同一無影響,則真覆瓿之文字矣。今日作文字,須言之有物,至少亦須值得一駁,愈駁則真理愈出,吾惟恐人之不駁耳。

與敬齋、君復(fù)同餐于中西樓。聞黃克強已去費城。不能一訪之,甚悵。

下午,訪韋蓮司女士于其寓,縱談極歡。女士室臨赫貞河,是日大霧,對岸景物掩映霧中,風(fēng)景極佳。以電話招張彭春君會于此間。五時許,與女士同往餐于中西樓。余告女士以近來已決心主張不爭主義(Non-resistance)(參看本卷第一則),決心投身世界和平諸團體,作求三年之艾之計。女士大悅,以為此余近第一大捷,且勉余力持此志勿懈。余去夏與女士談及此問題時,余猶持兩端,即十一月中在Syracuse演說 The Great War from the Point of View of An Oriental (《從東方的觀點看這次大戰(zhàn)》)時,猶以國防為不可緩,十二月十二日所記,乃最后之決心。女士知吾思想之變遷甚審,今聞余最后之決心,乃適如其所期望,故大悅也。女士見地之髙,誠非尋常女子所可望其肩背。余所見女子多矣,其真能具思想,識力,魄力,熱誠于一身者惟一人耳(參看卷七第一六則及第三五則)。

是夜宿哥倫比亞大學(xué)宿舍,與王嚴(yán)鄧三君夜話。鄧君當(dāng)?shù)诙胃锩盀樯虾!吨腥A民報》主任,忤政府,為政府所控,受讞于上海租界法庭,罰禁西牢作苦工六月,另罰鍰五百元。是夜,鄧君自述獄中生活甚動人。

友朋中嘗受囹圄之苦者多矣,若張亦農(nóng)(耘)辛亥自西安南下,有所謀,途中為西川廳所拘,解至南陽道,居獄中月余,幾罹死刑,幸民兵破南陽始得脫。去夏亦農(nóng)為余道之,竟夕始已。

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二十四日以車歸。車中讀《紐約時報》,見有日本人T. Iyenaga博士所作文論 Japan's Position in the World War (《日本在世界大戰(zhàn)中的地位》),道遠東外交史甚詳。其論中國中立問題尤明目張膽,肆無忌憚。其言雖狂妄,然皆屬實情。在今日強權(quán)世界,此等妄言,都成確論,世衰之為日久矣,我所謂拔本探原之計,豈得已哉!豈得已哉!

AS TO CHINESE NEUTRALITY

In undertaking the military operations beyond the war zone prescribed by China, some charge Japan with the violation of China's neutrality. Yes, Japan did violate the neutrality of China in exactly the same sense as England and France would violate the neutrality of Belgium by making it the scene of military operations in their effort to drive out the Germans from that much-harassed country.

Before Japan landed her troops at Lungkow the Germans in Kiao Chau had been taking military measures in the Shantung Province far beyond the zone within which China asked Germany and Japan to limit their operations. It would, then, have been suicidal for Japan to confine her military action within the so-called war zone. Others again impute to Japan the violation of the principle of China's territorial integrity should she retain Kiao-Chau after the war. I cannot agree with such a construction. Of course, we cannot foretell what final agreement will be made between China and Japan about Kiao-Chau. This much, however, is certain:If the Allies finally win, Japan will have proper claims to make for the blood and treasure expended for the capture of Kiao-Chau and in running the great risk of having for her foe a power so formidable as Germany. Even should Japan decide to retain Kiao- Chau, it would not be a violation of China's integrity, for Kiao-Chau was not a part of China; its complete sovereignty, at least for ninety-nine years, rested in Germany.

〔中譯〕
論中國之中立

日本在中國劃定的軍事區(qū)域之外采取軍事行動,有人指責(zé)說是破壞了中國的中立。是的,日本確實破壞了中國的中立,正如同法國和英國,他們?yōu)榱藢⒌聡藦膫涫苷勰サ谋壤麜r驅(qū)趕出去,便將比利時用作軍事行動的戰(zhàn)場。他們也肯定是破壞了比利時的中立。

在日本涉足龍口之前,在膠州灣的德國人就一直在山東省的非軍事區(qū)采取軍事行動。中國早就要求日本和德國限制他們的軍事行動。日本如果將自己的行動限制在所謂的軍事區(qū)之內(nèi),那就無異是自取滅亡。又有人指責(zé)說如果戰(zhàn)后日本仍占有膠州灣,那就是破壞了中國領(lǐng)土的完整。我不能茍同此說。誠然我們不能預(yù)見中國和日本就膠州灣最終將達成什么協(xié)議。然而有一件事是最要緊的,假若協(xié)約國最終獲勝,日本將有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛尚Q他為了獲得膠州灣已經(jīng)付出了鮮血和金錢的代價,更何況他又冒著極大的風(fēng)險與德國這樣一個可怕的強國結(jié)為仇敵。即使日本決定占有膠州灣,這也沒有破壞中國領(lǐng)土的完整,因為膠州灣早已不是中國的一部分,膠州灣的主權(quán)早已歸于德國,至少有九十九年了。

〔附記〕歸綺色佳后三日,君復(fù)寄示此論,欲余一一斥駁,余復(fù)書曰:“此日人不打自招之供狀,不須駁也。”

車中又讀一文,論《不爭主義之道德》,則如羯鼓解穢,令人起舞:

ETHICS OF NON-RESISTANCE

SIR: In an editorial entitled "Security for Neutrals" in The New Republic , the argument was advanced that the violation of Belgium proves the necessity of armament in the United States if we would preserve our national interests. "A world in which a Belgium could be violated was a world in which national inoffensiveness offered no security against attack and in which a pacifist democratic ideal would have to fight for its life. " If an ideal must fight for its life, may I suggest that a gun is an ineffective weapon for it? If your gun kills your opponent, naturally he can't be a strong supporter of your ideal. If your gun wounds him, naturally he won't be a strong supporter of your ideal. If you get shot by his gun—by the rules of warfare he will shoot you only if you are trying to shoot him—your ideal loses the only supporter it has. If Belgium and England and France had determined to uphold an ideal, such as democratic antimilitarism, and to persuade Germans to accept their ideal, they were idiotic to go about killing some of the Germans they wished to convert, and getting thousands of their own men—supporters of their ideal—into slaughtertrenches. It is an acknowledgment of lack of faith in the efficacy of an ideal to urge that it must have guns in order to live. If an ideal is worth anything at all it will make its own persuasive appeal to the minds of men, and any gun—protected ideal is likely not to be an ideal at all, but only gun—protected selfishness.

It was criminal for Belgians to shoot German peasants. It was criminal for German peasants to shoot Belgian factory-hands. On one side it was criminal self-preservation, the Germans fighting for their homes with the fear that if they did not march through Belgium, the French would, and on the other side it was criminal self-preservation, the Belgians fighting for their homes. What more am I saying than that war is hideously wrong? I am saying that war for self-preservation is hideously wrong, that self-preservation at the cost of war is criminal.

Would I kill a stranger in order to prevent his killing a neighbor? If there were no other way to prevent him—yes—or else I would be guilty of permitting murder. France is the cultural neighbor of Belgium—Germany compared with France is the stranger. Was Belgium therefore justified in trying to prevent Germany from crushing France? By no means, because by resisting Germany, Belgium made it possible for England and France to crush Germany. If my neighbor was bent on murdering the stranger, should I kill the stranger? No, for then I should be abetting murder. Belgium was aiding her neighbor France to murder German soldiers. The only argument that can be offered for Belgium is that she acted in self-defense, but I maintain that the setting up of self-defense above all consideration of others is criminal, for it logically leads in the end to murder.

The editorial to which I have referred maintained that if Belgium had refused to fight she would have been cowardly. Does the Editor of The New Republic hold that the Socialists who vowed a year ago that they would refuse to fight, and who quickly joined the ranks when war was declared—does he hold that these men would have been more cowardly than they were if they had stood out against mobilization? Surely one cannot call the Socialists cowards because they did not refuse to fight, and with the same lips say that the Belgians would have been cowards if they had refused to fight. I believe that the man who kills another in self-preservation is a coward. He is a coward because he is so much afraid to lost his property or life that he is actually willing to commit murder. Am I a coward when I declare before God and my conscience that I would refuse to enlist even though there were conscription in the United States to create an army to resist foreign invasion? If I were a Quaker, there are precedents from Civil War times unter which I could legally escape service at the front. But I am not a Quaker. I would probably have to suffer imprisonment or execution for treason. Some of my friends who will read this present statement may despise me. Other young men may sneer at me. Yet I say I would never willingly kill a man to save my own life. Now, do you think me a coward?

If the people of the United States continue to believe that self-preservation is their highest duty, let them put their trust in armament as the only "security for neutrals". If they ever come to believe what the Greatest Man taught—a doctrine his Church has been denying—they will see that war even in self-defense, like all war, is murder, is criminal and cowardly.

Frederick J. Pohl

New York City.

不爭主義之道德
〔中譯〕

在《新共和》雜志一篇題為《中立國之安全》的社論中,某君提出了這樣的觀點:由比利時之遭侵略推出結(jié)論證明美國為維護國家利益起見必須要有必要的軍備?!霸谶@個世界上連比利時都要受到侵犯,那么任何國家的‘不犯人’主義對于任何外來侵略均無安全可言。一個持和平民主之主義的理想主義者,首先必須為自己的生存而斗爭?!比绻环N理想先得為自己的生存而抗?fàn)?,那還用我來說明他用以抗?fàn)幍臉寳U子是毫無效用的武器嗎?如果你槍殺了你的仇敵,自然他就不可能是你的理想的積極支持者。如果你用槍傷害了他,自然他也不會是你的理想的積極支持者。按照戰(zhàn)爭規(guī)則,如果你要射擊他,他也會射擊你。萬一你被他擊中,那么你的理想也就失去了唯一的支持者。如果比利時、英國、法國決心抱民主的反戰(zhàn)主義,為了說服德國人接受他們的主義,他們卻去屠殺德國人,而這些德國人本是他們打算要說服的,并又使成千上萬的自己理想的支持者成為殺人兇手。他們這樣做,豈不是白癡嗎?如果一種理想必需為了自己的生存去動武抗?fàn)幍脑挘@就必定是對自己的力量缺乏信心的表現(xiàn)。任何稍有價值的理想必定是以說服去打動眾人之心的。任何用武力維護的理想也就不是理想了,而只不過是武力保護下的利己主義。

德國農(nóng)民槍殺比利時工人是犯罪,比利時人槍殺德國農(nóng)民也是犯罪。德國人擔(dān)心他們?nèi)舨患俚辣壤麜r攻打法國,法國一定會假道比利時攻打他們,因此他們?yōu)榱吮Pl(wèi)自己的家鄉(xiāng)而戰(zhàn)斗,這種自衛(wèi)是一種犯罪。同樣比利時為保衛(wèi)自己的家鄉(xiāng)而戰(zhàn)斗也是一種犯罪,還用我來說明戰(zhàn)爭是極為錯誤的么?我要表明的是為自衛(wèi)而戰(zhàn)斗是極為錯誤的,為了自衛(wèi)而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭就是犯罪。

為了阻止一個陌生人殺我的鄰居,我會去殺這個陌生人嗎?如果沒有其他的法子好阻止他(確實沒有)我又不去殺他,那我豈不是容許殺人而有罪嗎?法國人是比利時人有教養(yǎng)的鄰居,相比較而言德國人就是那個陌生人了,這樣比利時就為自己阻止德國去踐踏法國的行為找到了一個辯白的理由了嗎?不管怎樣比利時阻止了德國,就有可能使英國和法國去侵略德國。

如果我的鄰居沒有辦法,只好去殺那個陌生人的話,我也要殺那個陌殺人嗎?不。不然我就是協(xié)同犯罪了。比利時幫助鄰居法國殺德國士兵,比利時可能會為自己辯解說,這是自衛(wèi)行為。但是我以為任何基于不為他人著想的自衛(wèi)都是犯罪,因為它最終必定會導(dǎo)致殺害別人。

我剛才提到的那篇文章以為如果比利時拒絕參戰(zhàn),就將被人看作膽小鬼。社會黨人在一年以前立誓不參戰(zhàn)??墒菓?zhàn)爭一起,他們便即刻加入戰(zhàn)爭的隊伍。如果他們不這樣做,而是站出來反對動員令的話,試問《新共和》的主編,他們哪一種行為更為怯懦呢?當(dāng)然大家決不會叫社會黨人做膽小鬼,因為他們沒有拒絕參戰(zhàn)。說這話的人又會說比利時若不參戰(zhàn)便是膽小鬼。我認為一個人為了保存自己去殺人便是膽小鬼,因為他害怕失去自己的產(chǎn)業(yè)和生命,寧可去殺人,他實實在在是一個膽小鬼。如果我面對美利堅合眾國為抵御外侮而發(fā)起的征兵動員令,敢于當(dāng)著上帝和自己的良心發(fā)誓決不去當(dāng)兵,我是一個膽小鬼嗎?如果我是一個魁克黨人,我便可援引內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時期的先例而合法地逃脫軍事服務(wù)??晌也皇且粋€魁克黨人,于是我大約就只好去蹲監(jiān)獄或是因叛國罪而服刑了??戳宋业倪@篇文章的朋友一定會鄙視我,其他的青年也必定要恥笑我。但是我還是要說,我決不為了救自己的命而去殺人,現(xiàn)在你還認為我是一個膽小鬼么?

假如美國的國民仍然相信自衛(wèi)是他們最高的責(zé)任,那就讓他們?nèi)ハ嘈跑妭涫侵辛踩奈ㄒ槐U习?!如果某一天他們終于相信了上帝所倡導(dǎo)的學(xué)說(一直遭到他的教會詆毀的學(xué)說),那么他們便會明白自衛(wèi)的戰(zhàn)爭與其他的戰(zhàn)爭毫無區(qū)別,都是兇手、罪犯、懦夫的作為。

佛蘭德立克·保爾 紐約市

此君真今日不可多得之人,當(dāng)覓其住址與結(jié)交焉。

車中忽起一念如下:

中國之大患在于日本。

日本數(shù)勝而驕,又貪中國之土地利權(quán)。

日本知我內(nèi)情最熟,知我無力與抗。

日本欲乘此歐洲大戰(zhàn)之時收漁人之利。

日本欲行門羅主義于亞東。

總之,日本志在中國,中國存亡系于其手。日本者,完全歐化之國也,其信強權(quán)主義甚篤。何則?日本以強權(quán)建國,又以強權(quán)霸者也。

吾之所謂人道主義之說,進行之次宜以日本為起點,所謂擒賊先擒王者也。

且吾以輿論家自任者也,在今日為記者,不可不深知日本之文明風(fēng)俗國力人心。

據(jù)上兩理由,吾不可不知日本之文字語言,不可不至彼居留二三年,以能以日本文著書演說為期。吾國學(xué)子往往藐視日本,不屑深求其國之文明,尤不屑講求溝通兩國誠意之道,皆大誤也。

吾其為東瀛三島之“Missionary”乎?抑為其“Pilgrim”乎?抑合二者于一身歟?吾終往矣!

夜六時至綺色佳。此次旅行畢凡六日。


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