五五、威爾遜演說(shuō)詞

（五月十二日）

TEXT OF PRESIDENT's SPEECH

The text of President Wilson's speech follows:

It warms my heart that you should give me such a reception, but it is not of myself that I wish to think tonight, but of those who have just become citizens of the United States. This is the only country in the world which experiences this constant and repeated rebirth. Other countries depend upon the multiplication of their own native people. This country is constantly drinking strength out of new sources by the voluntary association with it of great bodies of strong men and forward-looking women. And so, by the gift of the free will of independent people it is constantly being renewed from generation to generation by the same process by which it was originally created. It is as if humanity had determined to see to it that this great nation, founded for the benefit of humanity, should not lack for the allegiance of the people of the world.

You have just taken an oath of allegiance to the United States. Of allegiance to whom? Of allegiance to no one, unless it be God. Certainly not of allegiance to those who temporarily represent this great Government. You have taken an oath of allegiance to a great ideal, to a great body of principles, to a great hope of the human race. You have said, "We are going to America," not only to earn a living, not only to seek the things which it was more difficult to obtain where you were born, but to help forward the great enterprises of the human spirit—to let men know that everywhere in the world there are men who will cross strange oceans and go where a speech is spoken which is alien to them, knowing that, whatever the speech, there is but one longing and utterance of the human heart, and that is for liberty and justice.

LOOKING ONLY FORWARD

And while you bring all countries with you, you come with a purpose of leaving all other countries behind you—bringing what is best of their spirit, but not looking over your shoulders and seeking to perpetuate what you intended to leave in them. I certainly would not be one even to suggest that a man ceases to love the home of his birth and the nation of his origin—these things are very sacred and ought not to be put out of our hearts—but it is one thing to love the place where you were born and it is another thing to dedicate yourself to the place to which you go. You cannot dedicate yourself to America unless you become in every respect and with every purpose of your will thorough Americans. You cannot become thorough Americans if you think of yourselves in groups. America does not consist of groups. A man who thinks himself as belonging to a particular national group in America has not yet become an American, and the man who goes among you to trade upon your nationality is no worthy son to live under the Stars and Stripes.

My urgent advice to you would be not only always to think first of America, but always, also, to think first of humanity. You do not love humanity if you seek to divide humanity into jealous camps. Humanity can be welded together only by love, by sympathy, by justice, not by jealousy and hatred. I am sorry for the man who seeks to make personal capital out of the passions of his fellowmen. He has lost the touch and ideal of America, for America was created to unite mankind by those passions which lift and not by the passions which separate and debase.

We came to America, either ourselves or in persons of our ancestors, to better the ideals of men, to make them see finer things than they had seen before, to get rid of things that divide, and to make sure of the things that unite. It was but an historical accident no doubt that this great country was called the "United States", and yet I am very thankful that it has the word‘united’in its title; and the man who seeks to divide man from man, group from group, interest from interest, in the United States is striking at its very heart.

It is a Very interesting circumstance to me, in thinking of those of you who have just sworn allegiance to this great Government, that you were drawn across the ocean by some beckoning finger of hope, by some belief, by some vision of a new kind of justice, by some expectation of a better kind of life.

No doubt you have been disapppointed in some of us: some of us are very disappointing. No doubt you have found that justice in the United States goes only with a pure heart and a right purpose, as it does everywhere else in the world. No doubt what you found here didn't seem touched for you, after all, with the complete beauty of the ideal which you had conceived beforehand.

But remember this, if we had grown at all poor in the ideal, you brought some of it with you. A man does not go out to seek the thing that is not in him. A man does not hope for the thing that he does not believe in, and if some of us have forgotten what America believed in, you, at any rate, imported in your own hearts a renewal of the belief. That is the reason that I, for one, make you welcome. "

REALIZING A DREAM

If I have in any degree forgotten what America was intended for, I will thank God if you will remind me.

I was born in America. You dreamed dreams of what America was to be, and I hope you brought the dreams with you. No man that does not see visions will ever realize any high hope or undertake any highenterprise.

Just because you brought dreams with you, America is more likely to realize the dreams such as you brought. You are enriching us if you came expecting us to be better than we are.

See, my friends, what that means. It means that Americans must have a consciousness different from the consciousness of every other nation in the world. I am not saying this with even the slightest thought of criticism of other nations. You know how it is with a family. A family gets centred on itself if it is not careful, and is less interested in the neighbors than it is in it's own members.

So a nation that is not constantly renewed out of new sources is apt to have the narrowness and prejudice of a family. Whereas, America must have this consciousness, that on all sides it touches elbows and touches hearts with all the nations of mankind.

TOO PROIUD TD FIGHT

The example of America must be a special example. The example of America must be the example not merely of peace because it will not fight, but of peace because peace is the healing and elevating influence of the world and strife is not.

There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight. There is such a thing as a nation being so right that it does not need to convince others by force that it is right.

So, if you come into this great nation as you have come, voluntarily seeking something that we have to give, all that we have to give is this: We cannot exempt you from work. No man is exempt from work anywhere in the world. I sometimes think he is fortunate if he has to work only with his hands and not with his head. It is very easy to do what other people give you to do, but it is very difficult to give other people things to do. We cannot exempt you from work; we cannot exempt you from the strife and the heart-breaking burden of the struggle of the day—that is common to mankind everywhere. We cannot exempt you from the loads that you must carry; we can only make them light by the spirit in which they are carried. That is the spirit of hope, it is the spirit of liberty, it is the spirit of justice.

When I was asked, therefore, by the Mayor and the committee that accompanied him to come up from Washington to meet this great company of newly admitted citizens I could not decline the invitation. I ought not to be away from Washington, and yet I feel that it has renewed my spirit as an American.

In Washington men tell you so many things every day that are not so, and I like to come and stand in the presence of a great body of my fellow-citizens, whether they have been my fellow citizens a long time or a short time, and drink, as it were, out of the common fountains with them, and go back feeling that you have so generously given me the sense of your support and of the living vitality in your hearts, of its great ideals which made America the hope of the world."

下面是威爾遜總統(tǒng)之演說(shuō)詞：

〔中譯〕

總統(tǒng)演說(shuō)詞

你們?nèi)绱藷崃业貧g迎我，使我暖意盈懷。但我今晚所想的不是我自己，而是你們這些剛剛成為美國(guó)公民的朋友們。世界上唯有美國(guó)在不斷地、反復(fù)地經(jīng)歷著自我更新。其它國(guó)家都是依靠本國(guó)國(guó)民之自我繁衍而發(fā)展壯大，唯有美國(guó)持續(xù)不斷地從新的源泉那里汲取新生力量，此新源泉便是那些身強(qiáng)力壯的男人和遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的女人，他們自愿地聚集在美國(guó)的旗幟下。因此，正是這些獨(dú)立自主之人民，憑其天賦之自由意志，使美國(guó)一代又一代地不斷獲得新生。而這個(gè)更新之過(guò)程，正是美國(guó)開國(guó)歷程之延續(xù)?？磥?lái)，人類決心要使這個(gè)偉大之國(guó)家，得到全世界人民之擁戴，因?yàn)樗▏?guó)之目的，就是為人類謀利益。

你們剛剛宣誓：要效忠于美國(guó)?？墒菍?duì)誰(shuí)忠誠(chéng)呢？不是別人，正是上帝。你們絕對(duì)不是要忠于目前暫時(shí)代表這個(gè)龐大政府的那些官員。你們宣誓要忠于一個(gè)崇高之理想，一個(gè)偉大之原則，一個(gè)人類宏偉之希望。你們說(shuō)，“我們來(lái)到美國(guó)”，不僅僅是為了謀生，也不僅僅是為了尋求一些在出生地難于覓得的東西，而是為了幫助促進(jìn)人類精神之偉大事業(yè)——為了讓人們知道，世界各地都有人愿意漂洋過(guò)海來(lái)到這個(gè)陌生的國(guó)度，來(lái)到這個(gè)語(yǔ)言不通的地方。那是因?yàn)樗麄冎溃还苓@是何種語(yǔ)言，人類只有一種渴望，只有一種心聲，那就是渴望自由，渴望正義。

一往直前

你們從各個(gè)不同的國(guó)家來(lái)到這里，抱著一個(gè)目的：即想要離開原來(lái)的國(guó)度——當(dāng)你們這樣做時(shí)，你們已經(jīng)將那些國(guó)家中最美好之精神帶到了這里。希望你們不要再回頭看，不要將你們?cè)敬蛩懔粼谀抢锏囊磺性倭赳v心頭，戀戀不舍。我說(shuō)這些當(dāng)然不是要你們不再愛你們的故鄉(xiāng)、你們的祖國(guó)，我不想成為這樣一種人——事實(shí)上，這些原本是最神圣的，而且也是不應(yīng)該被忘卻的——然而，愛你們的故鄉(xiāng)是一回事，獻(xiàn)身于你們所去之地是另一回事。如果你們不在各個(gè)方面，全心全意地去做一個(gè)徹底的美國(guó)人，那么，你們就不可能獻(xiàn)身于美國(guó)。如果你們?nèi)匀恢幌氲侥銈冏约旱哪莻€(gè)群體，那么，你們就不可能成為一名完完全全的美國(guó)人。美國(guó)不是由某些相互隔絕之群體組成的。如果一個(gè)人認(rèn)為，他只屬于美國(guó)的某一特定民族團(tuán)體，那他就還不是一名美國(guó)人。如果你們當(dāng)中有人到這里來(lái)，只是想利用一下美國(guó)國(guó)籍，那他將是一位愧對(duì)星條旗之不肖子孫。

我最熱切地勸告你們，不僅總是要首先想到美國(guó)，而且總是要首先想到人類。倘使你們?cè)噲D把人類分成幾大互相猜忌之陣營(yíng)，你們就不會(huì)熱愛人類。人類只有用愛、同情和正義，才能將其聯(lián)結(jié)成一體，而不是用猜忌和仇恨。對(duì)于那些試圖利用同胞之熱情來(lái)為自己牟取個(gè)人資本之人，我感到很遺憾。他已經(jīng)失去了美國(guó)式之風(fēng)格和理想，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)是用高昂之激情，而不是用分裂和卑下之激情，去團(tuán)結(jié)全人類。

我們來(lái)到美國(guó)，有的是我們這些新移民，有的是從祖輩就移民至此。無(wú)論怎樣，所有人都努力完善人類之理想，讓人們看到要比他們以前所曾見過(guò)的更加美好的東西，驅(qū)除那些分裂之因素，設(shè)法確保那些促進(jìn)人類團(tuán)結(jié)之因素。毫無(wú)疑問，這個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家取名為“合眾國(guó)”，這不是歷史的偶然之舉。然我感到非常欣慰的是，這個(gè)名字中帶有“合眾”兩個(gè)字。倘使有人試圖在美國(guó)將這類人與那類人分開，將這個(gè)群體與那個(gè)群體分開，將這種利益與那種利益分開，這無(wú)異于是刺中了她的心臟。

想到你們這些剛剛宣過(guò)誓，要忠于這個(gè)偉大政府之朋友們，我就感到`饒有興味，你們飄洋過(guò)海來(lái)到這里，在某種希望的召喚之下，出于某種信念，靠著某種對(duì)新型正義之想象，靠著某種對(duì)美好生活之憧憬。

無(wú)疑，你們已經(jīng)對(duì)某些東西感到失望了：我們這里有些東西是非常令人掃興的。毋庸置疑，你們也已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在美國(guó)，正義還只是一種美好的感情，一個(gè)正確的目的。這正如世界上其他地方一樣。毫無(wú)疑問，你們?cè)榷荚鴳延心撤N理想，在此種理想之美麗光芒之映照下，你們也已發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里有些東西似乎不能如你們所愿。

但是，請(qǐng)你們記?。喝绻f(shuō)我們生長(zhǎng)于一個(gè)匱乏理想之境遇中，那么你們正擁有這份財(cái)富。一個(gè)人不會(huì)去尋求那本不屬于他的東西。一個(gè)人也不會(huì)去期待他根本不相信的東西。如果我們當(dāng)中的一些人已經(jīng)忘記了美國(guó)之信仰，那么，至少你們已經(jīng)把這種信念之重建任務(wù)，植入心底。這就是我作為個(gè)人歡迎你們之原因。

實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)夢(mèng)

如果我在某種程度上已經(jīng)忘記了美國(guó)之目的，那么，我將感謝上帝，讓你們提醒了我。

我是土生土長(zhǎng)之美國(guó)人。你們?cè)?jīng)夢(mèng)想美國(guó)是什么樣子，我希望，你們一直擁有這份美國(guó)夢(mèng)。一個(gè)不會(huì)幻想之人，決不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)偉大之希望，也不可能從事崇高之事業(yè)。

正因?yàn)槟銈儞碛羞@份美國(guó)夢(mèng)，美國(guó)就很有希望實(shí)現(xiàn)這些夢(mèng)想，正如你們所擁有的。你們來(lái)到這里，期望我們的明天比今天更加美好。正是你們，使我們的生活更加豐富，更有活力。

朋友們，請(qǐng)聽明白我的意思。我的意思是說(shuō)，美國(guó)人必須具有一種意識(shí)，一種與世界上其它國(guó)家完全不同之意識(shí)。我這樣說(shuō)，一點(diǎn)也沒有批評(píng)其它國(guó)家的意思。你們都知道家庭之情況。作為一個(gè)家庭，只有不計(jì)小隙，只有把注意力更多地集中到自己家庭成員身上，而不是在鄰居身上，才能把一家人凝聚在一起。

一個(gè)持續(xù)不斷地從新的源泉那里獲得新生之國(guó)家，也應(yīng)當(dāng)如此。只有這樣，才能避免家庭之狹隘和偏見。因此，美國(guó)必須具有這種意識(shí)：即它應(yīng)在各個(gè)方面與世界各國(guó)保持密切之聯(lián)系，保持各種各樣之交往。

恥于沖突

美國(guó)應(yīng)該作出一個(gè)不同凡響之榜樣，這便是和平之榜樣。然而，這種和平不僅僅是一種不打仗之和平，而且是一種醫(yī)治戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)傷，擴(kuò)大其世界性影響之和平，是一種不沖突之和平。

人會(huì)由于高傲而恥于和人爭(zhēng)斗。國(guó)家也會(huì)由于一貫堅(jiān)持正義，而不必用強(qiáng)迫之手段，使別國(guó)心悅誠(chéng)服，不必以力服人。

所以，既然你們已經(jīng)來(lái)到這個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家，那就請(qǐng)你們自愿地去尋求某些東西，尋求某些我們所能給予你們的東西。我們所能給予的恐怕只有這點(diǎn)：我們無(wú)法讓你們不工作。在世界的任何地方，決不會(huì)有不工作之人。我有時(shí)想，只需動(dòng)手而不必動(dòng)腦之人，真是有福氣。只要?jiǎng)邮秩プ鰟e人交代你們之工作，那是很容易的；然而，要使別人有工作可干，卻是非常困難的。我們無(wú)法使你們免除工作；我們無(wú)法使你們免除沖突，也無(wú)法使你們卸去當(dāng)今之戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)所帶來(lái)的極其沉重之負(fù)擔(dān)——世界各地之人都一樣負(fù)著重?fù)?dān)。我們也無(wú)法使你們免除你們必須承擔(dān)之重任；我們所能做的，只是用一種精神來(lái)減輕由重任、重?fù)?dān)所帶來(lái)之壓力。這種精神就是希望、自由和正義。

因此，當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)及其陪同前來(lái)之委員會(huì)，邀請(qǐng)我從華盛頓去該市，會(huì)見這一大群新近加入美國(guó)籍之公民時(shí)，我盛情難卻。盡管我不應(yīng)該離開華盛頓。我覺得，我作為一名美國(guó)公民，“華盛頓”一直振奮我的精神。

在華盛頓，有人會(huì)告訴你們，這里每天發(fā)生的許許多多事情，其實(shí)并不一定如此。我喜歡站在一大群同胞面前，和他們同飲一口泉，可以說(shuō)是，和他們同甘共苦，不管他們是早已移民之老同胞，還是新近才加入美國(guó)籍之新同胞。一想到這些，我就不由地感覺到，你們是如此慷慨地賜予我一種支持感，一種內(nèi)心之活力，一種崇高之理想，以使美國(guó)成為世界希望之所在。

此威爾遜氏最近演說(shuō)詞。先數(shù)日，英船Lusitania為德潛水艇所沉，死者千余人，中有美國(guó)國(guó)民百余人。一時(shí)國(guó)中輿論激昂不可遏抑，宣戰(zhàn)之聲，日有所聞。而威氏當(dāng)此洶洶之際，獨(dú)能為此極端的人道主義之宣言，其氣象真不凡。其文亦晚近有數(shù)文字也。