二六、維持和平同盟會(huì)之創(chuàng)立

PROPOSALS

We believe it to be desirable for the United States to join a league of nations binding the signatories to the following:

First: All justiciable questions arising between the signatory powers, not settled by negotiation, shall, subject to the limitations of treaties, be submitted to a judicial tribunal for hearing and judgment, both upon the merits and upon any issue as to its jurisdiction of the question.

Second: All other questions arising between the signatories and not settled by negotiation, shall be submitted to a council of conciliation for hearing, consideration and recommendation.

Third: The signatory powers shall jointly use forthwith both their economic and military forces against any one of their number that goes to war, or commits acts of hostility, against another of the signatories before any question arising shall be submitted as provided in the foregoing.

The following interpretation of Article Three has been authorized by the Executive Committee : "The signatory powers shall jointly use, forthwith, their economic forces against any of their number that refuses to submit any question which arises to an international judicial tribunal or council of conciliation before threatening war. They shall follow this by the joint use of their military forces against that nation if it actually proceeds to make war or invades another's territory without first submitting, or offering to submit, its grievance to the court or council aforesaid and awaiting its conclusion. "

Fourth: Conferences between the signatory powers shall be held from time to time to formulate and codify rules of international law, which, unless some signatory shall signify its dissent within a stated period, shall thereafter govern in the decisions of the Judicial Tribunal mentioned in Article one.

〔中譯〕

提　議

我們認(rèn)為美國(guó)可望將各國(guó)聯(lián)合成一個(gè)同盟，并使其成員受如下條約之約束：

第一條　若各簽約國(guó)之間產(chǎn)生可由法院仲裁之問(wèn)題，而通過(guò)談判又未獲解決，須服從條約之規(guī)定，交由法庭就其是非曲直和任何裁決之根據(jù)實(shí)行審理和裁決。

第二條　各簽約國(guó)之間若產(chǎn)生未能通過(guò)談判獲得解決之其他問(wèn)題，須提交調(diào)解委員會(huì)審理、考慮，并聽(tīng)取其勸告。

第三條　若聯(lián)盟內(nèi)任一國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或?qū)λ麌?guó)采取敵對(duì)行動(dòng)，簽約各國(guó)將即刻運(yùn)用各自經(jīng)濟(jì)的及軍事的力量共同反對(duì)。并在任何上述二條中所提及可能發(fā)生之問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生前，即對(duì)該國(guó)采取反對(duì)行動(dòng)。

執(zhí)行委員會(huì)已認(rèn)可對(duì)第三條的如下解釋：“若聯(lián)盟內(nèi)任一國(guó)拒絕服從國(guó)際法庭或調(diào)解委員會(huì)之仲裁，并將形成戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)威脅時(shí)，各簽約國(guó)將即刻使用其經(jīng)濟(jì)力量共同對(duì)抗之。若該國(guó)事先未將有關(guān)爭(zhēng)端提交上述之法庭或調(diào)解委員會(huì)請(qǐng)求裁定并等待其結(jié)論，或未提出此類建議，即造成事實(shí)上之戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行為或侵入別國(guó)領(lǐng)土，則在此種情況下，各簽約國(guó)在采取上述之經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)抗后便將共同運(yùn)用其軍事力量對(duì)抗之。”

第四條　各簽約國(guó)間將經(jīng)常性地召開(kāi)會(huì)議制定和修改國(guó)際法則，并按上述第一條中所提及的法庭之決定執(zhí)行，除非有簽約國(guó)在指定時(shí)期內(nèi)對(duì)條款表示異議。

“維持和平同盟”（The League to Enfore Paece）之議起于此邦。此邦人士如何耳特（Hamilton Holt）、塔夫脫（W. H. Taft）之流皆主之。前年六月十七日何耳特氏招此邦名流百人會(huì)于菲城之獨(dú)立廳，組織一“維持和平同盟”會(huì)。塔虎脫氏今為之長(zhǎng)。此會(huì)所主四大綱如上所列。四事之中，尤以第三事為要。兩年以來(lái)，歐美政治家及政治學(xué)者多主張之。至前日（二十二日）威爾遜破百余年之成例，至參議院宣言，以此為將來(lái)外交政策之根本，則世界國(guó)際史真開(kāi)一新紀(jì)元矣。