二〇、印象派詩(shī)人的六條原理

On the whole, one cannot help admiring the spirit that animates the "new poets" in spite of some of their ludicrous failures to reach a new and higher poetry in their verse. They at least aim for the real, the natural; their work is a protest against the artificial in life as well as poetry. It is curious to note, moreover, that the principles upon which they found their art are simply, as Miss Lowell, quoted by Professor Erskine, tells us, "the essentials of all great poetry, indeed of all great literature." These six principles of imagism are from the preface to "Some Imagist Poets":

1． To use the language of common speech, but to employ always the exact word, not the nearly exact nor the merely decorative word.

2． To create new rhythms—as the expression of new moods —and not to copy old rhythms, which merely echo old moods. We do not insist upon "free verse" as the only method of writing poetry. We fight for it as for a principle of liberty . We believe that the individuality of a poet may often be better expressed in free verse than in conventional forms. In poetry a new cadence means a new idea.

3．To allow absolute freedom in the choice of the subject.

4． To present an image. (hence the name "Imagist") We are not a school of painters, but we believe that poetry should render particulars exactly and not deal in vague generalities , however magnificent and sonorous.

5．To produce poetry that is hard and clear , never blurred nor indefinite.

6．Finally, most of us believe that concentration is of the very essence of poetry.

From The N. Y. Times Book Shechor

〔中譯〕

總之，盡管“新詩(shī)人”關(guān)于在其詩(shī)作中達(dá)到一個(gè)新的更高境界的向往遭到了荒謬可笑的失敗，但人們不禁要贊賞他們?cè)娮髦械幕⒒⑸鷼?。至少他們追求真?shí)、自然；他們反對(duì)生活中及詩(shī)歌中的矯揉造作。更有甚者，人們驚奇地注意到，他們建立他們那種藝術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)很簡(jiǎn)單，正如勞威爾小姐告訴我們（引自厄斯金教授）：“所有偉大詩(shī)篇之精華，確乎就是偉大文學(xué)之精華?！薄队∠笈稍?shī)人》前言所介紹的六條印象主義原則即為：

1．用最普通的詞，但必須是最確切的詞；不用近乎確切的詞，也不用純粹修飾性的詞。

2．創(chuàng)造新韻律，并將其作為新的表達(dá)方式，不照搬舊韻律，因?yàn)槟侵皇桥f模式的反映。我們不堅(jiān)執(zhí)“自由體”為詩(shī)歌寫(xiě)作的唯一方法，我們之所以力倡它，是因?yàn)樗砹俗杂傻脑瓌t。我們相信詩(shī)人的個(gè)性在自由體詩(shī)中比在傳統(tǒng)格律詩(shī)中得到了更好的表達(dá)。就詩(shī)歌而言，一種新的節(jié)奏意味著一種新思想。

3．允許絕對(duì)自由地選擇詩(shī)的主題。

4．給出一種印象（因其得名“印象派”）。我們不是畫(huà)家，但我們相信詩(shī)應(yīng)表達(dá)出準(zhǔn)確的個(gè)性，而非模糊的共性，不管其用詞是多么的華麗，聲音是多么的響亮。

5．創(chuàng)作出確切、明朗、具體的，而不是模糊和不明朗的東西。

6．最后，我們大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為濃縮是詩(shī)的核心。

摘自《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》Book Shechor

此派所主張與我所主張多相似之處。